الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Orthodontic wires constitute the most important items in orthodontic clinics. They produce the desired biomechanical forces for tooth movement. They release the energy stored upon its placement by applying forces and torque to the teeth through the appliances placed on them. Several types of orthodontic arch wire of different alloys have been used in orthodontic practice such as Stainless Steel, Cobalt chromium, NiTi, Copper NiTi and Beta-titanium. The later types have high elasticity and apply lower forces and achieve a wider range of movement between session. The orthodontists are at a great risk of various contagious diseases. Hepatitis (B, C), Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Herpes infections are some of the serious conditions encountered in an orthodontic office. In spite of the wires are usually marketed sealed in eparate bags to avoid cross contamination about 12% of unused orthodontic wires are not sterile and produce bacterial colonies in a culture. Therefore, the instructions on the packages generally recommended sterilization before use. Furthennore, the American Center for Disease Control (CDC) specifies that all instruments which are not expected to penetrate into soft tissue or bone but will certainly contact oral tissues must be sterilized also.