الفهرس 
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Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was found to be the most common malignant tumor of all malignant oral cancers. The traditional treatment for OSCC is the surgical module or radiotherapy. Those modalities result in similar survival rates. Other treatments such as chemotherapy can result in very high morbidity. Therefore, a new, less invasive therapeutic modules which provide additional protection against oral cancers are being used recently. Those dietary supplements such as grape seed extract (GSE) that has anti-cancer activity against OSCC.
GSE can result in an apoptotic effect on OSCC, as it has a Chemopreventive potential and Anti-cancer property. The anti-cancer effect of GSE is on DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptotic death. Also, GSE leads to the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species which leads to DNA damage and apoptosis of cancer cells.
In the present study laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line (HEP-2) was used and subcultured into 4 groups, a first group is a control group which is not exposed to the treatment, the 3 other groups were treated by GSE with different concentrations. MTT assay was performed to determine the viability and cytotoxicity of cancer cells. While the cell cycle and apoptosis analysis were determined by flow cytometry. ELISA was used to measure caspase-3 which is an indicator of apoptosis.
The results of this work showed that The cell viability percent showed a gradual decrease with increasing doses of GSE. And cytological examination showed that GSE treated cells showed morphological alterations correlated with the morphological parameters of apoptosis in its various stages. According to cell cycle analysis, the percent of viable cancer cells in GSE treated groups were decreased in G0-G1 and S phases and were increased in G2-M and apoptotic phases in comparison to their controls. ELISA test showed that the higher level of caspase 3 was detected in the post IC50 concentration group, while the lower level was detected in the control group.
Briefly, according to those investigations, GSE proved a strong anti-cancer and apoptotic property against OSCC. Therefore, it is suggested that GSE supplementations might be an effective anti-tumor agent and possibly to be used in line with other treatment modules of OSCC.