الفهرس 
Heavy metalsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Metal pollution has increased with the technological progress of human society. Industry, mining, advanced agriculture, household waste, and motor traffic are all among the activities considered to be major sources of metal pollution. Heavy metals are mainly found in the environment and diet in small quantities. They are required for maintaining good health but in larger amounts they can become toxic or dangerous. Heavy metal toxicity can lower energy levels and damage the functioning of the brain, lungs, kidney, liver, blood composition and other important organs. Long-term exposure leads to gradually progressing physical, muscular, and neurological degenerative processes that imitate diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and muscular dystrophy.
Cadmium (Cd) is a naturally occurring metal exists in the earth’s crust at about 0.1 part per million. Toxicity of cadmium causes damage to several human organs such as kidneys, lungs, bones, liver and testes. Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal that occurs naturally in the Earth’s crust. Lead is found in all parts of the environment, primarily deriving from human activities like mining, manufacturing, and burning fossil fuels. Lead toxicity is associated with a number of physiological, morphological, and biochemical alterations such as liver dysfunction, hematological disorders, impairment of renal system functions, glucose metabolism abnormality, and nervous system disturbances. Copper is an important trace element that plays a very important role in the biochemistry of all living organisms and affects enzymes activity as a cofactor. Excessive copper accumulation is toxic in all species as it leads to hepatic cirrhosis, hemolytic anemia and degeneration of basal ganglia.
The aim of this study was to assess the sub-acute toxicity of various combinations of doses of cadmium, lead and copper on some hematological, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in the brain and kidney of male rats.
In this study, thirty healthy adult male rats with average weight of 160±5g, two months age were used. They were divided randomly into 5 groups (6 animals each) for 6 weeks as follow:group I (control) was orally administered with water.,group II was orally administered with a dose equal 12 mg/kg body weight of CuS04, equivalent to 1/25 LD50 and 3.25 mg/kg body weight of CdC^, equivalent to 1/25 LD50.