الفهرس 
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Abstract
Piroxicam is one of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which is widely used for chronic ffiflammatory conditions, particularly in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, pain in musculoskeletal disorders, acute gout and postoperative and postpartum pain. Recently, piroxicam has also gained attention as an effective therapy for tumors, colorectal and invasive bladder cancers.
The widespread use of NSAIDs, it can cause many adverse effects such as severe gastrointestinal toxicity, ulcerogenic gastropathy, renal hemostatic abnormalities, proteoglycan synthesis from chondrocytes, foetotoxicity, and other processes depending on prostaglandins.
Ascorbic acid, known as “Vitamin C,(Vit.C)”, is one of the most important and powerful antioxidants that acts in aqueous environments of the body.Most mammals are capable of synthesizing vitamin C in the liver from glucose via the enzymatic action of L-gulono-y-lactone oxidase (GULO).However, Humans, rats and other primates (e.g. guinea pigs and fruit bats) cannot synthetize L-ascorbic acid, owing to in activation of the gene encoding the enzyme GULO, thus making vitamin C an essential dietary requirement. Vitamin C can be found in milk, some types of meat (kidney, liver, fish), but it is widely spread in fruits and vegetables.
Vitamin E has long been known that the naturally occurring tocopherols and tocotrienols, the main sources of vitamin E are vegetables and seed oils, palm oil, second highest in volume of vegetable oils produced in the world, is a potential new source of vitamin E. whereas animal products are generally poor sources of this vitamin. The natural sources of tocopherol mainly consist of nuts and common vegetable oils (wheat germ and sunflower).
The aim of this study was designed investigate the hemato-biochemical alterations induced by Piroxicam, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in male rats and to determine the modulatory action of vitamins C and E against the adverse effects of piroxicam.