الفهرس 
Anatomy of Upper Urinary TractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Urolithiasis is a significant source of morbidity which affecting all geographical, cultural and racial groups of human being the life time risk of urolithiasis is about 10% to 15% in the developed world, the risk becomes as high as 20 % to 25% in the Middle East. The increased risk of dehydration in hot climates, coupled with a diet 50% lower in calcium and 250% higher in oxalates compared to western diets, accounts for the higher net risk in Middle East. Since the introduction of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the early 1980s, it has dramatically changed the management of urolithiasis and is currently accepted as the preferred and least invasive first-line treatment for the majority (almost 90 %) of patients with renal and ureteral calculi without spontaneous passage. During the last 30 years, its use has become widespread, and millions of treatments have been performed worldwide. Its limited contraindications including pregnancy, renal failure. Cardiac arrhythmias, anatomic urinary tract abnormalities or obstruction distal to the stone, severe skeletal deformity and obesity. During ESWL, shock waves generated outside the body cross through the soft tissues without loss of strength and cause disintegration of urinary stones into smaller portions through direct shearing force, erosion or cavitation. Although it may seem a noninvasive modality, ESWL has a reported SOME complications. Most common occurrences include cardiac dysrhythmia bacteriuria, bleeding, steinstrasse, renal colic and, bowel perforations, liver or spleen haematomas. MDCT was introduced 1998. It is the most recent advance in CT technology. MDCT technology allows superior image quality and the ability to produce isotopic high quality multi planar images and to perform complex multiphase vascular and 3d examination. CTU now become the golden standard tool in diagnosis of renal stones and post ESWL complications. This study was designed to assess diagnostic value of MDCT in detection of post ESWL complications. This study was conducted on 30 patient s who complained after undergoing ESWL procedure. The age of our patients was range from 15 to 70 years old the mean age 53.833. The patients were 22 male (73.3%) and 8 female (26.67%). All patients were subjected to full history taking through clinical examination and laboratory investigations. An initial imaging tool KUB was done for all patients. The Multisilic CT was performed to all patient, 27 cases were scanned without contrast injection while 3 cases were scanned with IV contrast injection (IV iopromide). All patients who were given contrast had normal serum creatinine.