الفهرس 
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Abstract
Silybum marianum (SM), commonly known as milk thistle. Its seed extract has been called silymarin and consist of silybin, silychristin, silydianin and isosilybin. This study was carried out to study the treatment effect of Silybum marianum seeds on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Thirty adult male albino rats (Sprague-Dawley strain), weighing about (150±10g) were divided randomly into two main groups as follow: The first group (-ve control= 5 rats) was fed on basal diet. The second group (25 rats) were fed on basal diet and injected with CCl4 1 ml/kg, (1:1) mixtured with paraffin oil for 3 days to induce acute liver damage.
After injection with CCl4, rats were divided into 5 subgroups as follow: -
Subgroup (1): Positive control group, animals were fed on basal diet only.
Subgroup (2): Rats were fed on basal diet supplemented with the ground SM seeds 5% per kg basal diet.
Subgroup (3): Rats were fed on basal diet supplemented with the ground SM seeds 10% per kg basal diet.
Subgroup (4): Rats were fed on basal diet supplemented with SM seeds aqueous extract concentration 5% per kg basal diet.
Subgroup (5): Rats were fed on basal diet supplemented with SM seeds aqueous extract concentration 10% per kg basal diet.
Feed intake (FI) was recorded three times a week, and animals were weighed at the beginning and once a week. Body weight gain (BWG), feed efficiency ratio (FER) and organs relative weight (liver, kidney, heart and spleen) were calculated. At the end of the experiment period, liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin ; antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA); lipid profile such as total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined, concerning to low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were calculated. As well as histopathological examination of liver.
1. Chemical analysis of Silybum marianum Seeds:
Results revealed that the major polyphenolic components of Silybium marianum seeds were benzoic acid, Salicylic acid, Vanillic acid, Cinnamic acid, o- Coumaric acid, Quercetin and Ferulic acid. The antioxidant activities (DPPH) were recorded 56.94% for SM seeds powder at the high tested level 2.5% of samples, while SM seeds aqueous extract recorded 67.01% for antioxidant activities at the tested level 0.5% of samples.