الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present investigation aimed primarily at regular seasonal integrated assessment of water quality of six selected household Abyssinian pumps based on pertinent parameters including different physicochemical analysis including water temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved salts, pH, chloride, total alkalinity, total hardness, sulphates, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, silicates, phosphate-P, dissolved oxygen (DO),biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). These physicochemical parameters maintain potential relevance for water quality assessment. Mean values of the different physicochemical parameters displayed great local and seasonal variations. Acceptability and unacceptability of each parameter for drinking water guidelines, according to the Decree of the Egyptian Health Ministry No. 458/2007 and WHO, were adequately highlighted and explained. This was one of the major objectives of this thesis that has been successively fulfilled. Regarding other sampling Abyssinian (hand) pumps located at different highly populated villages of Mansoura (Mans-II and Mans-III) and Talkha (Talk-I, Talk-II, and Talk-III), the count of all bacterial indicators was largely exceeding the drinking water guidelines and, hereby, indicating their unacceptable quality for drinking. The count of different bacterial indicators that surpassing the normal drinking water guidelines was mainly dependent on sampling pump and the season of collection. Results bacteriological analyses were compared to the national (Decree of the Egyptian Health Ministry No. 458/2007) and WHO (2004) standards of drinking water to assess whether or not the raw ground water is suitable for drinking. Only water samples collected in all season form Mans-I station can be regarded as bacteriological safe for drinking as neither total coliform nor fecal coliforms (all forms) were detected during the whole period of study. Conclusions : Water quality index (WQI) has been proven as reliable approach for integrated assessment of drinking water quality. The growth of test alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata exhibited sensitive responses towards different water samples, with remarkable normal and declined growth patterns, indicating safety and toxicity of the tested water samples, respectively. Providing male albino rats with drinking water from Talk-II pump, for three successive months, has induced remarkable severe histopathological symptoms and changes for both liver and kidneys. These results strongly indicate the presence of hazardous and toxic ingredients that can severely affect the normal histological architecture of these vital organs. Screen reader support enabled.