الفهرس 
قرار لجنة المناقشة والحكمOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hepatotoxicity refers to liver dysfunction or liver damage that is
associated with an overload of drugs or xenobiotics. Agents with
recognized hepatotoxicity include carbon tetrachloride (CCl4),
alcohol, and dantrolene sodium. The goals of this study were to
analyze chemical composition of white garlic powder (WGP) and
black garlic powder (BGP), to identify and quantify its total
polyphenolic compounds and to examined the protective effects
of WGP and BGP as supplemented to diet on carbon tetrachloride
(CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The chemical composition
analysis of WGP and BGP showed that each 100 grams contained
68%, 48.1% carbohydrate, 16.7%, 28.8 % protein and 12.5, 11.9%
moisture respectively. Total antioxidant activity % was 87.51and
90.87 respectively. In the experiment Thirty six adult male albino
rats (Sprague-Dawley strain), weighing about (170±5g) were
divided randomly into 6 equal groups of 6 rats each: the first group
(-ve control=6 rats) was fed on basal diet. The second group (6 rats)
were fed on basal diet and injected with CCl4 at 1 ml/kg, (1:1)
mixture with paraffin oil (2 injections /week) to induce acute liver
damage. The other 4 protected groups (3,4,5and 6) were pretreated
by feeding on diets supplemented with white garlic powder
(WGP) and black garlic powder (BGP) at low (1%) and high (2%)
concentrations, respectively for 4 weeks and intoxicated by CCl4
as in group 2. The rats were weighed and weight gains and feed
efficiency ratios were calculated. Blood samples were collected
and organs were dissected out. The changes of serum biochemical
parameters, and liver histology were used to evaluate the protective
effect of white and black garlic powder. Pretreated with diet
supplemented with WGP or BGP to CCl4 -intoxicated rats
increased body weight gains and improved feed efficiency ratios.
WGP or BGP also enhanced serum blood lipids and markers of
liver function as compared to the normal control group. Powders
also decreased malondialhyde (MDA) level, and increased the
activity of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in
the intoxicated rats. The high concentration of BGP ameliorated
hepatic necrosis induced by CCl4 in liver tissue. In conclusion,
these results revealed that both white and black garlic powders
have good protective effect against CCl4 intoxicated due to
presence of many phenolic compounds detected in this study. The
study recommended that black garlic has a potential to be used as
a functional health food ingredient with beneficial effects on
lowering cholesterol and triglyceride levels and enhance liver
function