الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with protean manifestations, high morbidity and disability (219). Throughout the course of their disease, individuals with SLE may face many challenges as it affects all aspects of quality of life (QOL): physical, social and emotional functioning (2, 3). With improvement in the survival rates of patients with SLE, increasing attention has been focused on the effects of SLE on QOL(4, 5).
QOL is a multidimensional construct that reflects an individual’s responses to the physical, mental, and social factors contributing to daily living (6). Comprehensive assessment of SLE patients should include QOL measures in addition to the objective clinical measures of the disease (3, 10) which may be of equal or even greater importance to the patients (25). QOL measures capture patients’ perspectives of their disease and treatment, their perceived need for health care and their preferences for treatment and outcomes (26).
There are many questionnaires to assess quality of life in SLE patients, some are generic as the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire(220) and other are disease specific as LupusPRO™ tool (27). LupusPRO™ is a disease-targeted patient-reported outcome measure that was developed and validated from patients with SLE in USA with varied background and both genders. It includes a comprehensive assessment