الفهرس 
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Abstract
olanum is a large and diverse genus of about 1500 species in family Solanaceae. In Egypt, the genus is represented by 10 wild species, but a number of other species grow in Egypt as vegetables, weeds or medicinal plants. In the present study, systematic relationship of 17 Solanum species representing four subgenera and 11 sections of Solanum has been revised. The aim of this revision was to use morphological, seed and pollen characters using both light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and DNA inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) fingerprinting to construct a diagnostic key and numerical analysis to evaluate taxonomic relationship of the examined taxa based morphological variation in vegetative and floral traits, seed and pollen features and ISSR polymorphism. Herbarium specimens deposited in Cairo University herbarium (CAI) and the Agricultural Research Centre, Flora and Phytotaxonomy Herbarium (CAIM), Orman garden Herbarium and Mazhar botanic garden herbarium (a private botanical garden in Giza) in addition to fresh materials collected from different botanic gardens, as well as information from the literatures were used. For each species, 23 quantitative morphological traits were measured and the states of 30 qualitative traits were scored for 17 Solanum species. Seed and pollen micromorphological features were useful in the construction of a dichotomous indented systematic key for the examined species. Genomic DNA was isolated from 14 Solanum species and ISSR markers were successfully amplified using 17 ISSR primers. The 17 primers produced a total of 233 bands; of these 60 were polymorphic and 173 were unique bands. DNA fragments generated by ISSR primers were different in number and molecular size, indicating that the studied material of the 14 Solanum species have a high genetic variation.
Summary
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The relationship of the examined taxa was estimated based on
differences in both morphological traits, seed and pollen characters and ISSR
polymorphism separately and in combinations using the PAST software.
Analysis based on morphological variation only and in combination with
seed and pollen features separated S. virginianum, S. laciniatum and S.
abutiloides at high distances from other species. Four other taxa are split off
as two clusters at a relatively high distances, these includes S. elaeagnifolium
and S. incanum and S. seaforthianum and S. umbellatum. Similarly, S.
lycopersicum was also clearly delimited from the remaining taxa. The
remaining taxa are divided into two groups; one includes S. forsskaolii, S.
macrocarpon, S. melongena and S. schimperianum which have been placed
in subgenus Leptostemonum, only S. macrocarpon, S. melongena are placed
together in section Melongena. In the other group, S. coagulans and S.
sinaicum are distinguished from S. diphyllum whereas S. nigrum and S.
villosum appeared close to each other as indicated by low distance separating
them.
In general, the new classifications support the current subgeneric
delimitation of the examined species but do not confirm their sections
affiliations. All evidences support the close relationship between S.
diphyllum, S. seaforthianum, S. sinaicum and S. forsskaolii and indicated
close affinity between S. nigrum and S. villosum. The differentiation of S.
melongena, S. schimperianum, S. forskalii and diphyllum is congruent with
their reinform seed shape, whereas the remaining species have ovoid seed
shape. Hairy seed surface distinguished S. lycopersicum, S. seaforthianum, S.
nigrum and S. vilosum. Seed coat colour, appearance and pollen shape were
useful traits for the identification of the other nine species. An important
remark is the close relationship between S. villosum and S. nigrum. The two
Summary
211
species share morphological resemblance, similar seed and pollen features
and comparable ISSR fingerprinting profile indicating genetic affinity of
these two species.