الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Crude oil is a major source of energy and feedstock for petrochemicals. Oily sludge, bio-sludge and chemical sludge are the major by products generated from the processes and effluent treatment plants of the refineries engaged in crude oil refining operations. Oily sludge is one of the most significant solid wastes generated in the petroleum industry. It is a complex emulsion of various petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), water, heavy metals, and solid particles. Due to its hazardous nature and increased generation quantities around the world, the effective treatment of oily sludge has attracted widespread attention. In this review, the origin, characteristics, and environmental impacts of oily sludge were introduced. Many methods have been investigated for dealing with PHCs in oily sludge either through oil recovery or sludge disposal, but little attention has been paid to handle its various heavy metals. These methods were discussed by dividing them into oil recovery and sludge disposal approaches. It was recognized that no single specific process can be considered as a panacea since each method is associated with different advantages and limitations. In the present work a new suggested method using a developed NUHN lagoon Crawler is considered. The developed crawler is equipped with three phase decanter centrifuge to recover oil. Solidworks is used to design this crawler with the intention of complete recovering vehicle in Egypt.