الفهرس 
. Introduction And Aim of The WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
LOPA (Layer of Protection Analysis) is a semi-quantitative hazard analysis technique that can be used after a Qualitative Hazard Analysis Techniques such as HAZOP (Hazard and Operability Analysis) technique, and before a QRA (Quantitative Risk Analysis). LOPA can be used to identify SIL (Safety Integrity Level) rating which specifies the level of safety protection and consequently identifies if the safety system is reliable or requires extra protection layers. As a consequence, the safety reliability of the safety system is required to reach the needed protection. LOPA has been applied in many industrial processes, such as LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), petroleum and petrochemical industries. In fact, this study aims at performing HAZOP study on specific nodes in a DRI (Direct Reduction Iron) industry followed by LOPA study in order to provide quantified results that are assessing, if the available independent protection layers (IPLs)in the system are sufficient or not. They also help in identifying the required outcome SIL target. Finally, FL (Fuzzy Logic) method for risk assessment is used as an effective way to estimate the severity of the hazardous event and determine the SIL rate to be compared with the one obtained by LOPA study.