الفهرس 
Aim of the WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Energy is located in the heart of the civilized progress of man and his interest in preserving the environment from pollution. This has driven man to exploit different natural resources to produce energy, food and fodder. In doing so, the search for alternative sources of depleted petroleum energy and return to organic agriculture constituted big challenges because energy is needed to produce agricultural products with global competitiveness, and this requires adoption of advanced, clean and cheap technologies that achieve the aspiration of farmers and different sectors of world population. Exploitation of natural gas as an alternative source of petroleum (biogas or methane) has taken on great importance in this century, and many countries of the world, whether developed or developing, depend on it to obtain renewable and sustainable cheap energy. where biogas technology aims to reuse organic waste such as crop residues and livestock manure in an economical, safe, healthy and renewable way, the production of biogas (Methane gas) depends on anaerobic fermentation processes that are characterized by the effective participation of many types of microbes, especially bacteria and fungi. Biogas is a mixture of methane (50-70%) and carbon dioxide (20-25%) with a group of other gases such as hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen and hydrogen, ranging between 5-10%. Biogas is a non-toxic, colorless gas with a smell of hydrogen sulfide. It is lighter than air and there are no risks when using it. The calorific value of biogas ranges between 3170-6625 kcal/m3 depending on its methane content, which varies in the gas mixture according to the type of fermented material and the operating efficiency of the biogas production unit. Our participation in achieving this important scientific and economic goal centered around isolating bacterial strains capable of producing biogas from different sources, where termite intestines and livestock dungs (e.g., cows and cattle) were chosen, because termites voraciously feed on cellulose resulting from wood decay. As for livestock, they cannot digest the cellulosic materials that they feed on without the help of their gut population from microbes, especially the bacteria. Naturally, cattle and/or cow do not produce cellulose-dissolving (degrading) enzymes, therefore, they completely depend on the digestion of cellulosic materials with the help of the bacteria in their stomach, that called the microbiome. Our results concluded that 17 biogas-producing bacterial isolates were obtained: five isolates from termites and twelve isolates from cattle dung. A mixture of these microbes can be used to produce biogas within fermenters that can be designed to fit every home in the Egyptian countryside for lighting, cooking and other many other purposes. This showed our contribution to and offered a simple solution to the energy problem in Egypt. Important note, this technology is in force in many countries of the world such as: China, India and Germany; (Germany produces about 15-20% of its energy using this technology).