الفهرس 
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Abstract
The tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) became a serious pest to tomato cultivation in Egypt since 2009, as it causes a great damage in tomato crop. In this regard the current study carried out in laboratory (in plant protection department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University) and in field (in Dyarb Negm - Sharkia Governorate) to evaluate some biological, physiological and ecological aspects of tomato leafminer, T. absoluta during two successive seasons, 2018 and 2019.
The obtained results can be summarized as follows:
- The number of larval instars, the percent of adult emergence, the female fecundity and the mean of generation duration were 4 instars, 95%, 196.18 eggs/female and 31.34 days, respectively.
- Neemazal formulation produced higher insecticidal activity than the tested plant oils (ginger and clove oils). Larval contents of digestive enzymes were decreased significantly 48h after all treatments except for lipase, α-esterase and β-esterase (in case of coragen and clove oil). Also, total proteins, total carbohydrates, total lipids, total free amino acids and mineral elements decreased significantly, except for remarkable increase in case of sodium after exposure to neemazal and clove oil.
- The most susceptible cultivars to the infestation were G.S. 12 and Omnia in early-summer and nili plantations, respectively. On contrary, 714 and 86 cultivars appeared to be more resistant ones in both selected plantations.
- In early-summer and nili plantations, tomato plants were more attractive to the female moths of T. absoluta in the field, followed by potatoes and eggplants, while pepper was less attractive.
- The general mean numbers of captured adults of T. absoluta were higher in 2018 than 2019 in both rotations, and the relative high abundance of moths coincided with moderate temperatures and high relative humidity.
- In case of infestation with T. absoluta, all cultivars content of soluble carbohydrate and total soluble protein were decreased, while the amounts of secondary metabolites and defensive enzymes increased except for α-esterase.
- The plant humidity content affected the infestation level, as the infestation percentage increased by increasing the humidity contents.
- The infestation with Tuta absoluta caused significant reduction in total photosynthetic pigments content (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids).
- Neemazal T/S, from tested components, was more efficient in reducing T. absoluta larvae in the field, followed by ginger oil and clove oil.
- The percentage of yield weight loss decreased gradually by increasing selected formulation and oils concentrations.