الفهرس 
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Abstract
Typhoid and paratyphoid fever remain important public health problems globally and major causes of morbidity in the developing world. The aim of the work was to highlight the role of polymerase chain reaction in diagnosis of Salmonella infection. 100 patients were subjected to the followings: Detailed history ,General clinical examination, Blood culture test&PCR. We conclude that PCR is much superior to Widal test and blood cultures. It has great discriminating value due to its very high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, it can be of singular importance for the detection of early cases of typhoid, which is not only important for the treatment of patients but is also necessary for control of the disease so PCR must be available for all people. Due to the need for extensive infrastructure and specialized skills, the PCR facility cannot be made available everywhere, especially in developing countries. Nevertheless, due to its high sensitivity and specificity, as demonstrated in this study, it needs to be made available to everyone by establishing collection centers, which can send samples to a few specialized reference laboratories built in larger cities. Another factor to be considered is the relatively high cost, which is almost twice that of blood culture. In fact, due to the rapid and definitive diagnosis, the patient is saved from hospital admission, loss of working days, and unnecessary expenditure on unrelated and misdirected treatment which may be many times more than the cost of PCR. It is believed that in the long run, it will turn out to be less expensive for both the patient and the community. Furthermore, due to rapid diagnosis and definitive treatment, the patient’s physical suffering is reduced to a minimum.