الفهرس 
Introduction & Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Domestic violence (DV) is defined as any physical, sexual, psychological or economic abuse that takes place between people who are sharing or have recently shared a residence.
Domestic abuse can be emotional(constant ,an unrelenting verbal onslaught of insults and criticisms ),sexual ( includes sexual assault, demeaning behavior),physical (injuring ,disabling or killing the victim), psychological (Humiliation, Controlling what the victim can and cannot do, Withholding information Diminishing or embarrassing the victim ,Isolating the victim from friends and family) Financial.
This study was performed on a representative sample of the population of married pregnant women 15–45years of age living in Minia, Egypt between July2018 and June 2019. This is a cross-sectional study with a research population of pregnant women referred to primary health women clinics. The sampling was performed using a convenience method. It was applied via a convenience sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria by a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess violence against women. Collected data analyzed statistically. The study was approved by Research Ethic Committee of the Minia University of Medical Sciences. Pregnant women living with her husband who voluntarily gave the consent
Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of violence among pregnant women, its triggers, and its effect on obstetric and neonatal outcomes in Egypt
There was triggering factors for violence against pregnant female. These risk factors were age, social level, employment, desire of pregnancy, multiparity, educational level, social isolation, history of violence,life styl instability.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with violence during pregnancy may result directly from physical or sexual trauma or indirectly through stress.
Violence during pregnancy leads to premature labor, abortion, hypertension, an increased rate of caesarean, stillbirth, urinary tract infection, chronic pelvic infection, anemia and increasing depression during pregnancy and after childbirth Also,cases of repeat violence and lack of delay for prenatal care can be noted.
Age, social level, educationl level were strong risk factors in group of cases exposed to violence during pregnancy while gestational age is not. Most of exposed group are middle and young age while cases above 35 years only 14.6% are exposed to violence. Low social level account 46%of exposed while only 30% of nonexposed. 25.8% of cases not exposed had tertiary education (>12years) while only 15%in exposed group. Most of our exposed group to violence were at middle age 25-34 years old(54.4%),average social level(50%),had 12 years education, unemployed women. There were risk factors for violence against pregnant women like fear of husband, low social level, current employed women, old pregnant women above 35 years and refusal of husband to pregnancy. Statistics showed significant predictor of preterm labour, vagnial infection, premature rupture of membrane.On the other side,statistics showed no significant predictors for Psychological insult, Placental abruption, IUFD, Antepartum hemorrhage, Missed abortion Threatened abortion.
In conclusion;
This study concluded that high prevalence of domestic violence against pregnant women presented at Minia governorate,Egypt. The highiest type was emotional abuse due to male dominant society so women had no chance to demonstrate her laws especially pregnant had no law in comfort style life.
The most risk factor was fear of husband which made violence as visious circle. So, The highiest effect on pregnant women was psychological insult.