الفهرس 
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Abstract
The awareness of the danger to the environment resulting from the pollution and stricter discharge regulation, has caused the price of fresh water and waste treatment facilities to rise. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the process industries to reduce both freshwater consumption and wastewater production. Water system integration can reduce overall freshwater consumption and the overall wastewater discharge significantly by reuse, regeneration reuse or regeneration recycling of wastewater appropriately .This work presents the development of a systematic technique to target freshwater consumption and wastewater generation to achieve the maximum water recovery. The optimization model is formulated for single and multiple contaminant system in the class of Linear Programming (LP) and Nonlinear Programming (NLP). For this a superstructure that entails all possible reuse and recycle possibilities is used as the basis for the formulation. The results revealed that the LP model was well in the optimal design of water networks problem. The method has been tested for many problems reported in the literature. It is obvious from problems that the procedure proposed needs much less computation in comparison with methods taken from other literatures. It can be observed that better solutions can usually be generated with our approach. A total of 8% savings in freshwater and 12% reduction in wastewater production were observed when compared with the original design.