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Abstract This study was carried out to evaluate the clinical performance of the conventional flowable composite resin restoration, using one- step adhesive system (Flow-It A with Bond versus the novel self-adhesive flowable composite restoration (Fusio Liquid Dentin), over one year evaluation period. An in- vitro study was, also, performed to compare the microleakage of both materials. As well as, the inspection of the tooth/ restoration interface using scanning electron microscope. As for the clinical study, twenty patients received forty class I restorations in primary molars using split- mouth design. Clinical performance was evaluated using US Public Health Service modified Ryge criteria. Restorations of both materials were evaluated for: anatomic form, marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, surface texture and recurrent caries. Evaluations were done after 1 week, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, as well as, after 12 months. As for the in- vitro study, a total of thirty extracted, caries-free, premolars were prepared with a standardized cavity preparations, fifteen of which were restored with the self- adhering flowable composite (group A) and the other fifteen teeth were restored with the conventional flowable composite with its corresponding, one- step adhesive system (group B). Each group was, furtherly, subdivided into T1, T2 and T3 for three storage periods of 1 week, 1month and 3 months respectively. |