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Abstract Vitamin D is a steroid hormone which is synthesized under the skin and metabolized in liver and kidney to regulate calcium homeostasis through its effect on kidney, intestine and bone.Vitamin D deficiency is known as serum vitamin D3 level less than 20 ng/ml and it is prevalent among the general population especially pregnant females and children. Pregnancy is an insulin resistant state in which B cells multiply to fulfill the expanded needs of insulin, however GDM may happen and a state of glucose resistance is first recognized in pregnancy and carries the risk of maternal diabetes later on. |