الفهرس 
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Abstract
Natural gas gathering and distribution systems serve as the primary means to
transport gas from the wellhead to the customer. A network designed on
sound engineering principles helps to maximize the deliverability from the
wells with minimum energy loss during transportation. The global use of
natural gas is growing quickly. This is primarily attributed to its favorable
characteristics and to the environmental advantages it enjoys over other fossil
fuels such as oil and coal as it is the least fossil fuel that produces polluting or
corrosive substances and it has possibility of improved combustion control.
Pipelines are the main form of the transportation, transmission and
distribution of natural gas. There is a pressing need to improve the accuracy
of the pressure and flow rate predictions in the pipes and at the nodes of the
networks this work addresses the simulation and optimization of natural gas
transmission pipelines. the optimal design of transmission pipelines is done
including number of decision variables as installation cost of pipelines,
compressor stations, fuel consumption in compressor stations, maintains,
labor and supervision. These variables are used to formulate the objective
function with considering constraints (equality and inequality) to find the
optimal value of diameter that gives the optimum cost of pipeline in different
cases of pressure ranges and length between compressor stations.
The simulation part is implemented on Egyptian natural gas network using
software program Pipesim 2009 to make prediction of all variables such as
pressure, flow rate, temperature, velocity, compressibility factor and pressure
distribution at each node and each consumer over the network by making
three different scenarios of flow rates (normal consumption, lower
consumption and higher consumption) and compare the results and make sure
that the flowing gas reach to the consumer with pressure above the minimum
required at each consumer and make study of other variables.
The results proved that with increasing diameter the cost of pipeline increases
but the cost of compressor stations decreases. The cost can be reduced with
increasing discharge pressure.
With increasing consumption over the network with other variables are
constant, the pressures at consumers decrease. So caution must be taken when.