الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Using the latest available data of Titan at the night side of its ionosphere for
altitude of ≈ 1300 km which consisting of three main positive ions (namely C₂H₅⁺,
HCNH⁺, and C3H₅⁺), and isothermal electrons, a Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation
is derived to describe the nonlinear ion acoustic waves. As the wave amplitude
increases, both the width and velocity of the wave deviate from the prediction of the
KdV equation. Therefore, we derive a linear inhomogeneous higher order KdV
(LIHO-KdV) equation to describe the system at this case. The solitary wave
solutions of both KdV and LIHO-KdV equations are obtained using a
renormalization method. Furthermore, we used a typical parameters which are
available in the literature to examine the characteristic properties of the propagating
ion acoustic waves.
To the best of our knowledge, superthermal electrons in the night side of
Titan’s ionosphere could be exist. Thus, we derived a KdV evolution equation that
characterizes the nonlinear wave propagation at this case. The generalizedexpansion
(G′/G–expansion method) is used to solve the KdV equation which is an
effective tool for studying many electrostatic nonlinear structures such as soliton,
explosive, shocklike, and periodic waves, which may exist in the night side of
Titan’s ionosphere. The higher-order dispersion is examined and we use the G’/Gexpansion
method to solve the KdV equation with higher-order dispersion. A
comparison is made between both KdV and higher-order dispersive KdV solutions,
i.e. soliton, explosive, shocklike, and periodic waves.
Finally, the solar wind effect on the dayside of Titan’s ionosphere is
investigated. The plasma system is composed of three positive ions (namely
HCNH⁺, C₂H₅⁺, and CH₅⁺), isothermal electrons and solar wind particles (i.e.
protons and electrons). The KdV equation is derived to describe the propagation of
nonlinear ion acoustic waves at the dayside of Titan’s ionosphere. The solitary wave.