الفهرس 
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Abstract
Congenital cataract is the leading cause of treatable blindness in children worldwide. In children there is a high rate of posterior capsular opacification. So, performing primary surgical capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy is essential with cataract removal. There are two approaches to performing primary capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy using the microincision vitrectomy system for the management of congenital cataracts: through the cornea and through the pars plana.
In this study, a total of 68 eyes of 34 children below the age of 2 years with bilateral congenital cataract were divided into two groups. Lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy through anterior corneal approach were done in group I, while cases of group II were managed through posterior pars plana approach. Intraoperative and postoperative data were compared from first day to 6 months.
Analysis of intraoperative data showed statistically significant increase in the mean duration of surgery in minutes in group II (16.5 ±3.3) in comparison with group I (9.8±0.9), with P value ≤ 0.001. No corneal edema, iris touch, iatrogenic capsular tear nor lens fragments DROP into the vitreous was seen, and anterior chamber was stable in both groups. Intraoperative bleeding took place in 1 case of group II. In the early follow up, surgical wounds were coapted, anterior chamber was formed with no inflammatory reaction in all cases of both groups. After 6 month, there was no significant statistical difference between incidence of complications, spherical equivalent or intraocular pressure of both groups. But there was statistical decrease of spherical equivalent (SE) in both groups after 6 months.