الفهرس 
الفصل الأول: مشكلة البحث وإجراءاتهيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
This section provides a summary of the current search, and presents the research problem and the most important actions that have been a Takazha to address that problem, and answer research questions, with a statement of the findings of L j e results after its application, and to provide a to the recommendations and proposals in the light of a Safart about the results.
i. Introduction :
The article is descriptive writing art of the most important arts creative writing , but a much prevalent in the present era; So P e n education for students at the secondary level on a great deal of importance to what characterizes this stage of increasing the E. Hallam and imagination, and attention to the personal experiences, Ot a thier events and people in the life of a student this stage, and then the student needs to A means to help him paint a vivid, sensual picture of his feelings or the feelings of others, and to use metaphorical language based on similes and metaphors; To convey this image clearly to the mind of his readers, and even use nouns and verbs ; For E. Dvae life on this picture drawn by the reader in his mind, all of those that are available in the article writing skills descriptive.
Writing a descriptive essay opens the way for students to generate imagination And create new ideas and meanings, and provide students with words related to conveying feelings, in addition to enhancing the skills of review, evaluation, and editing when the student reviews the draft, and re-edits it to focus on his own voice, enhance his language and its diversity, and to make sure of the logic of presentation, and the accurate choice of words.
In view of the importance of writing the descriptive public in students ’ lives, and encouraging them to e Tqan skills and Vinyath, Standing Committee confirmed the policy of educational curricula development of the Arab Republic of Egypt on the need for e development skills and creative abilities of high school students.
It can be At a T this through the use of Chapter inverts strategy documenting the link between the school and the community in which a Subht where technology is essential in all its affairs, in addition to these e Stratjah is a fertile environment for the development of skills and detect talented.
And for E. Stratjah Chapter inverts great importance in the lives of students , where the promotion of critical thinking, self - learning, and develop the skills of good communication, and provide full freedom for students to choose time and time and speed they learn, in addition to that a meet Ahtajat students in terms consistent with the requirements of their time in the use Smart phones in the educational process, in addition to that they contribute to developing writing skills in general and developing descriptive essay writing skills in particular.
Hence, the current research aimed at identifying the effectiveness of the flipped classroom strategy in developing the descriptive essay writing skills for first-grade secondary students.
ii. Sense of the problem:
Although important Writing the descriptive essay, but the reality indicates that there is a severe weakness in the ability of secondary school students to their skills, in addition to the students being unable to write clearly that enables the reader to understand what they want to express. Meaning that they write truncated topics that do not lead to a message or achieve a goal, and they also lack his skills.
This is shown from the following:
• Previous studies and research confirming deficiencies in some descriptive essay writing skills.
• The exploratory study , by identifying the level of essay writing skills of first-grade secondary students, and its result was a weakness in the descriptive essay writing skills.
• Personal interviews , where do personal interviews with a group of Arabic language teachers to learn about the level of students first grade secondary in the essay writing skills descriptive, and the corresponding results indicated twice as many students in writing skills , descriptive, and a n teaching in its current form does not provide an atmosphere creativity He suggested using new teaching methods that depend on excitement and suspense and modern technology to solve the problem of poor descriptive essay writing skills for first-grade secondary students .
Therefore, the current research sought to develop the skills of writing the descriptive essay by using the flipped classroom strategy.
iii. Defining the problem :
The current research problem was identified in the weak level of high school students in essay writing skills, and their inability with its skills. And then the current research tried to use the flipped classroom in developing essay writing skills.
The problem can be formulated in the following main question :
How can the development of descriptive essay writing skills for high school students using flipped learning?
This question is divided into the following questions:
1- What are the descriptive essay writing skills required for high school students?
2- What is the availability of descriptive essay writing skills for high school students?
3- What are the procedures for using the flipped classroom to develop essay writing skills for high school students?
4- What is the effectiveness of using the flipped classroom to develop essay writing skills for high school students?
iv. Research limits :
The current research is limited to the following limits :
• Descriptive essay writing skills, because it is one of the most useful creative writing arts for high school students and which high school students have difficulty writing.
• A sample of first-grade secondary students; Because it is the beginning of a new educational phase.
v. Search procedures:
To answer the questions of the current research, the procedures followed the following steps:
First , prepare s imams with writing skills necessary descriptive article and the pound insults of students first grade secondary:
It was displayed in the initial image of the experts and arbitrators for the  Take the righteousness of a matter, and adjusted in the light of their proposals for finalization.
Second: Preparing a test to measure the descriptive essay writing skills available to first-year high school students, and the skills that they suffer from weakness and need to develop:
His image was prepared in the Principle of Vision, and then presented to the experts and arbitrators to modify it , and make sure the validity and reliability of the test, and suitability for use, and set, by conducting a pilot test on a sample of students first grade secondary; To determine the appropriate time for each question, the clarity of its instructions, calculate its validity and consistency, and determine the skills available to students, and the skills they suffer from weakness.
Third: Determining how to use the flipped classroom strategy to develop the descriptive essay writing skills of high school students through:
- The foundations of building the strategy.
- Steps for designing and implementing the flipped classroom strategy (defining skill - content analysis - designing scientific material - guiding students to view the scientific material - discussion and application - evaluation (summary))
- determining the temporal plan to teach.
Fourth: Implementing the strategy ; This is to demonstrate the effect of using the flipped classroom in developing essay writing skills for first-grade secondary students.
- The application of the test article is descriptive writing on the tribal group and one experimental.
- Teaching using the experimental group flipped classroom.
- the application of a test article writing descriptive meta on the experimental group.
vi. Extracting the results :
By comparing the mean scores of the experimental group in pre- measurement and post- measurement , then extracting the results, and treating them statistically. To find out the effect of the flipped classroom strategy on developing the descriptive essay writing skills.
Sixth: Presenting recommendations and proposals:
vii. research results
- The effectiveness of E. Stratjah chapter in the development of the skills of the inverted article writing descriptive as a whole.
- the effectiveness of the strategy chapter in the inverted Mharah development of the use of grammatical rules and E. Adequacy and punctuation marks in writing the article descriptive but not the required level .
viii. Research recommendations
Based on the findings of the research, the current research recommends the following:
- Activation Use strategy Learning Inverted at Teaching all branches of the Arabic language, especially writing, because it works to increase the outcomes of the educational process.
- Increasing interest in hybrid education that combines face-to-face teaching and e-learning as a combination of their benefits, especially in light of global variables such as the spread of A and epidemics.
- Teachers ’ interest in the training of students to different types of writing an article Kalmqal the E. Guenai and dialectics, and E. Khabary.
- To send a message to the developers of the Arabic language curricula that the curricula can include topics that are applicable according to this successful strategy that is consistent with the requirements of the age and the technological development of our time.
ix. Proposals search :
at Light consequences search And his recommendations suggest The researcher Procedure Research And studies next :
- Effective use of the inverted row in the development of writing skills of a Kadimih university students.
- The effectiveness of using the flipped classroom in developing reading comprehension skills for blind students.