الفهرس 
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
After penetration of Distributed Generation (DG) into distribution network, closed-ring is becoming a subject due to its features than open-ring operation. However, whenever a fault occurs within a medium voltage closed-ring distribution network (DN), the distribution ring is totally out. So, implementing Distribution Automation System (DAS) into conventional closed-ring distribution networks plays a vital role to offer self-healing capabilities, improve system reliability, secure supply stability, optimize network operation and reduce outage duration. Without DAS solutions, all customers of the closed-ring shall suffer from a long period power outage after each failure event. Obviously, the main challenge of implementing DAS solutions is how to equip the network with automated equipment with the best scenario of cost benefit. Introducing smart kiosks into network offers and guarantees the aimed self-healing capabilities.
This thesis deals with a new particle swarm optimization (PSO-based) approach to reach the best scenario of optimal number of smart kiosks to be implemented into distribution ring. In this context, best scenario means the scenario where adding more kiosks surely achieves more reliability but with more additional cost that exceeds the extra reliability gained. In other words, best scenario is to achieve a reasonable reliability level at the minimum investment cost. The main challenge of proposed approach is how to consider time actualization rate, interest rates, equipment depreciation and reliability indices as commercial factors. In addition, this approach is validated using different case studies to show impacts of each factor on the performance of distribution system.
Along with the same line, in open-ring network without DG penetration, feeding of fault from one direction requires to a simple fault detection algorithm. However, During the fault event in closed-ring DNs or even open-ring DNs with DG units, the fault is fed from two directions and this complicates the fault detection and allocation processes. Any high cost approach for fault detection is economically unpreferable for the scale of MV distribution systems.
In this thesis, a simplified, reliable, secure and cost-effective approach for the fault management in MV closed-ring DN is proposed. The proposed technique guarantees the security during normal loading, switching on/off at the largest loads and even communication channels failure. Simulations of different case studies using PSCAD Software are presented