الفهرس 
AcknowledgmentOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
CDDP is an effective chemotherapeutic drug, which is clinically used in the treatment of various human malignancies, such as tumors of testes, cervix, prostate, ovaries, lungs, bladder, and lymphomas. However, CDDP induced various toxicities in different organs, including liver, heart, kidneys, spleen, ovaries, testes, spleen, lung, and brain. CDDP-induced toxicities were the main obstacles that limited the usage of this valuable drug. The aim of this study was to determine and document the sex-based difference in the protective effect of silymarin against cisplatin-induced toxicities in different organs of male and female albino rats. Rats were divided into four groups, The first; (Control group), rats received a daily (I/P) dose of sterile physiological saline at (1 ml/kg/body weight) and daily oral dose of distilled water at (100 ml/kg/body weight) by oral gavage for 20 successive days, the second; (Silymarin group), rats received a daily oral dose of silymarin at (100 mg/kg/body weight) by oral gavage for 20 successive days, the third; (CDDP group), rats received a daily (I/P) therapeutic dose of CDDP at (1mg/kg/body weight) for 20 successive days, and the fourth; (CDDP+silymarin group), rats received a daily oral dose of silymarin at (100 mg/kg/body weightt) by oral gavage and simultaneously treated with (I/P) therapeutic dose of CDDP at (1 mg/kg/body weight) for 20 successive days. Conclusion: The current study recorded that CDDP treatment had deleterious biochemical, hormonal and histopathological effects in male and female albino rats. The most prominent findings of this study is the sex related relationship of males and females for the following items, CDDP caused different histopathological, biochemical, and ultra-structural alterations in livers of both sexes. In addition, it induced various deleterious alterations in the different organs, counting kidneys, spleen, lungs, brain, ovaries, and testes in male and female albino rats with increased severity in females. These findings could be attributed to the high levels of estrogen and progesterone hormones in females also the slow metabolic and execratory activities of xenobiotic in females could play a role. The slow metabolism and excretion of CDDP in females led to accumulation of its toxic metabolites in different organs, leading to exaggerated oxidative stress. Silymarin protective responses in male rats were higher than in female rats. This study suggested that silymarin may lead to different responses against cisplatin-induced toxicities in male and female rats. Recommendations: The current study recommends the involvement of silymarin in the therapeutic regimens of CDDP treatments as a protective and therapeutic material against the pathological alterations induced by CDDP, especially in females.