الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
With huge demands for potable water in regions lacking fresh water sources such as surface or ground water, various potential technologies have been explored for eliminating water shortage. Seawater emerged as a potential source and a major lifeline for such water-deprived areas. This research is concerned with the energy recovery devices in reverse osmosis plants especially those using the Pelton wheel, turbocharger and the pressure exchanger (PX). The power consumed in these plants and the energy used per cubic meter of desalinated water were computed. The total operating cost and efficiencies are also considered. Different parameters were taken into consideration to determine the maximum saving power consumed in the desalination device. These parameters are total energy consumption TEC (KWh), and specific energy consumption SPC (kwh/m3), and efficiency. Different design capacities of water desalination plants from 200 m3/day to 30000 m3/day were investigated. A measured were taken from plants already under operation. These data were presented in curves to show the relationships between the design capacities and power consumed to determine the specific energy consumption. The data were taken from three stations at the coast of the Red Sea, namely, (Marsa Alam, Quseir-1, and Quseir-2). The results revealed that: 1- Pelton wheel device is preferred in case of the low pressure stations, from 10 bar to 20 bar (brackish water desalination). 2- Pelton wheel is preferred in case of medium pressure stations with small and medium capacities (20 bar with 200 m3 /day to 10,000 m3 /day) while a turbocharger device is preferred for stations with large capacities (20 bar more than 10,000 m3 /day to 30,000 m3 /day). 3- Pressure exchanger device is preferred in case of seawater desalination plants (60 bar) due to its best energy recovery with high efficiency especially for stations with large capacity. 4- The result was explored with tables and curve to show the differences between the results in the three plants. 5- The result was clarified with previous result in the literature with it in the same pressures.