الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study aims at proposing a critical discourse analysis of three jurisprudential and economic texts on Al Waqf. The researcher focuses on the analysis of the ideology behind the text which is influenced by the usage of language and its production. The three different articles, in this thesis, are written by Shi’a, Sunni and non-Muslim writers discussing the issue of Al Waqf in order to represent three different ideologies and identities. The first article is written by Mr. Hasan Al-Khoee, a research assistant in the Department of Community Relations Institute of Ismaili Studies, London. He is Shi’a-Muslim. The second article is written by Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah, the 35th Sultan of Perak and currently the Deputy of the king of Malaysia. He is Sunni- Muslim. The third article is written by Bernardo Vizcaino, Journalist, financial analyst, lecturer and currently the chief correspondent, Islamic finance at Reuters. He is non-Muslim. The three articles are chosen carefully as the writers belong to different communities with different cultures and backgrounds. The analysis is illustrated with specific and representative examples extracted from the article’s samples. In order to achieve the aim of this research, one selected topic Al Waqf is discussed in the three articles and is analyzed to register the different attitudes of the three writers according to the ideology of the particular group they belong to. Critical Discourse Analysis is applied in this research by analysing the data in accordance with its approach. The hypothesis of this research is based on the usage of a multi-methodical approach; i.e., Critical Discourse Analysis to accomplish a comparative analysis of the selected texts related to social phenomenon. The analysis in this research is based on Norman Fairclough’s model in his Language and Power (1989). The online articles sampled for the analysis of this thesis cover the issue of waqf, a perfect example of hard news. Throughout the analysis, the researcher discusses the text trying to identify lexical choices or syntactic structures employed to format the producers’ messages. Concerning the context which frames the analyzed text, the focus is on the social religious environment that characterizes the discourse and how it influences practices of text production and consumption. Elaborated further in the discourse practice, this production is not only influenced by the producers’ creativity but also with their identity and ideology. The researcher concludes that CDA produces and conveys critical knowledge that enables human beings to emancipate themselves from forms of domination through self-reflection. The main purposes behind the words meet with the public matters and ideological insights. The writers of the three texts are dominated by their set of ideas which formulate their language system. Thus, they choose a certain form of language in a specific situation. This study investigated how three selected articles by Mr. Hasan Al-Khoee, Sultan Nazrin Muizzddin Shah and Mr. Bernardo Vizcaino with different backgrounds and ideologies reported the same event displaying different attitudes through the use of language. The researcher found that language can indicate underlying ideologies by reporting and reshaping the articles in different ways. The conclusion shows the importance of the analysis by identifying the grammatical structure of the languages involved in given articles which are subject to the analytic steps. Moreover, the analysis of the three articles according to the macro-structural level reveals the occurrence of certain lexical items and a biased sequence of quotations, in order to draw conclusions matching the introductions made by each one of the three writers. The researcher also finds Words borrowed from Arabic, a deliberate usage of many positive terms to describe Muslim civilization and an alleged attempt to highlight ethnic identity in both articles written by Mr. Al- Khoee and Nazrin Saah as Arab Muslims. Furthermore, Mr. Al- Khoee adds the Shi’i Imams in his discourse to highlight his belonging to Shi’i group. He talks about one of Shi’i religious practice of Khums in a positive way of giving as zakat and Al waqf. Mr. Al-Khoee follows narrative style depending on intertextuality which is highly employed in his text to support his vision rather than the usage of modality. Sultan Shah presents his speech with extensively usage of modality. Though Sultan Shah uses less frequency rate of intertextuality, Mr. Vizcaino depends on reporting others’ quotes to establish his text without his own comments. Cohesion is applied differently with its two types lexical and grammatical in the three articles. The analysis shows Mr. Vizcaino’s non-Islamic attitude toward Islam in general and Waqf in particular. He does not explain the idea of Al waqf from his point of view just using other’s quotes to form his article. Meanwhile, the two other Muslim writers do not dedicate the same amount of space to the meeting of other views showing their own Islamic background although both belong to different groups of Muslims. The analysis of the articles as discourse practice at levels of force of utterances, coherence and Intertextuality of texts are not far from the text levels analysis showing the three different ideologies and identities.