الفهرس 
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Abstract
The thesis consists of three chapters is concerned with the synthesis of imidazolium and pyridinium Schiff bases ionic system and their complexes with some transition metals. Calculation of dissociation constants of Schiff bases as well as the formation constants of their complexes. Chapter 1: Introduction This part shows the importance and applications of Schiff bases ionic systems in many life fields especially in medical and analytical chemistry; such as separation and determination of heavy metals. This chapter deals with literature survey for the ionic liquids-based Schiff bases and their importance in biological and analytical applications. Moreover, the importance and toxicity of heavy metal ions on human health have been recorded. In addition, their complexes with Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) ions using pH metric titrations and spectrophotometric determination of Fe(III) in aqueous solutions have been reported. Chapter 2: Results and Discussion This chapter is concerned with the synthesis and characterization of Schiff bases ionic liquids ({(1,2-Me2Im+Cl- )ATSB}, {(MePy+Cl- )2Salen}) and their complexes with Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Pd(II) ions using different spectroscopic and measurements techniques such as FTIR, 1H NMR, UV-Vis, MS, elemental micro-analyses and magnetic measurements. All used tools confirmed the structure of the synthesized materials as expected from elemental analysis. The FTIR data confirm the formation of Schiff bases ionic liquids by condensation of amino group of 2- aminothiazol with imadizolium salicaldehyde ({(1,2-Me2Im+Cl- )ATSB}) and ethylene diamine with two moiety of pyridinium salicaldehyde ({(MePy+Cl- )2Salen}) with appearance of (C=N) and (O-H) vibrations. Both nitrogen atoms in azomethine and deprotonated English Summary xiv hydroxyl –O - atom are the active coordinate sites. Also, {(1,2-Me2Im+Cl- ) ATSB} acts as bidentate mononegative ligand in all studied complexes while {(MePy+Cl- )2Salen} is binegative tetradentate ligand. 1H NMR and MS spectra of Schiff bases and their complexes suggest the same structural formulas. UV-Vis spectra and magnetic measurements of Schiff bases complexes suggest square planar geometry for the obtained complexes, except [Ni{(MePy+Cl- )2 Salen}(H2O)], [Fe{(MePy+Cl- )2Salen}(H2O)2]NO3 and [Fe{(1,2-Me2Im+Cl- ) ATSB}2(H2O)2]NO3, which exhibit octahedral geometry. On the other hand, Zn(II) complexes, [Zn{(MePy+Cl- )2Salen}] and [Zn{(1,2-Me2Im+Cl- )2 ATSB}(H2O)] NO3, show tetrahedral geometry. The dissociation constants of studied Schiff bases ({(1,2-Me2Im+Cl- )ATSB}, {(MePy+Cl- )2Salen}) and the formation constants of their complexes using pH metric titrations have been measured and calculated. The titrations were carried out in 2% aqueous ethanol solution at ionic strength (0.04 molL-1 ) and room temperature. All the reported complexes form 1:1 metal: ligand ratio, except Fe(III) complex with {(1,2-Me2Im+Cl- )ATSB} forms 1:2 metal : ligand ratio. The spectrophotometric determination of Fe(III) in aqueous solution is performed by the interaction of Fe(III) with Schiff bases under study ({(1,2- Me2Im+Cl- )ATSB}, {(MePy+Cl- )2Salen}). The absorbance of the colored products were measured at room temperature with constant ionic strength and maximum absorption at 400 and 350 nm for -{(1,2-Me2Im+Cl- )ATSB} and {(MePy+Cl- )2Salen}, respectively. The spectroscopic data suggest, Fe: 2{(Me2Im+Cl- )ATSB} and Fe : {(MePy+Cl- )2Salen} ratio using molar ratio and Job’ s methods. Also, Beer’s law was obeyed up to 2.790 and 3.350 µg/ml Fe(III) with apparent molar absorptivity of 0.367×104 and 0.51×104 mol-1Lcm-1 for Fe-{(1,2-Me2Im+Cl- )ATSB} and Fe-{(MePy+Cl- )2Salen} complexes, English Summary xv respectively. The detection limit values of Fe(III) were found to be 0.322 and 0.476 ppm, respectively. Chapter 3: Experimental This chapter describes the methods for preparation of ionic liquids-based Schiff bases and their complexes. Also, the characterization of isolated compounds, based on different instrumental methods. This part also deals with the methods for preparation of the solutions used in pH metric and spectral measurements.