الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia occurs either because of a lack of insulin or because of the presence of factors that oppose the action of insulin. The result of insufficient action of insulin is an increase in blood glucose concentration (hyperglycemia).
Generally, the injurious effects of hyperglycaemia are separated into macrovascular complications (Coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease and stock) and microvascular complications (diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy).
Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney disease due to microvasculer complication of diabetes mellitus. It is defined by low degrees of proteinuria, or microalbuminuria which defined as albumin excretion of 30–299 mg/24 hours.
The urinary enzyme N-Acetyl-𝛽-Glucosaminidase is found in the lyozomes of the proximal tubule epithelial cells, and a high NAG activity in urine may indicate an early sign of renal disorder.
Gamma-glutamyl transferase catalyzes transfer of gamma glutamyl group from a peptide and compounds that contain it to an acceptor. It is present in highest concentration in proximal renal tubule, followed by liver, pancreas, and intestine.
Alkaline phosphatase catalyzes the alkaline hydrolysis of large variety of organic phosphate esters. It is occurs predominantly in Small