الفهرس 
Introduction
Embryology and anatomyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Forty children and adolescences treated in this prospective study with 40 affected femurs (21right and 19 left). These patients were presented with femoral shortening between the age (6 to 17 years) there were 19 females (45%) and 21 males (55%) who were followed up for a mean 17.55 months± 1.99 months , (4-6 years). They were ranged in the age between (6 and17 years). They were divided into two groups according to technique. In (group I), 20 patients with short femur were operated by Ilizarov followed by plating to shorten the time of Ilizarov. In (group II) 20 patients were operated by Ilizarov that continued in the affected bone until complete consolidation of the callus, both groups had successful results but our results favor the 1st technique (group1) as it had some advantages and less complication than the 2nd one. We were detected that , one case had pin tract infection (5%) in (group I) while eleven cases had pin tract infection (55%) in (group II). The difference between of two groups is due to the fact that the external fixator period in (group I) was shorter than in (group II), the healing of regenerate in( group I) was more rapid than (group II) and better due to the rigid fixation and the nature of metal of the plate ( locked head titanium plate ) which was promoted the healing of regenerate, and we were detected that the range of motion of knee joint in (group I) was better than (group II) due to shortening the period of external fixator and less incidence of its complications which plays an important role in range of motion of knee. In (group I) 3 Patients (15%) had transient stiff knee and one case (5%) had complete stiff knee in Extension. And one case (5%) had knee subluxation, while in (group II) 8 patients (40%) had transient stiff knee and one patient (5%) had subluxation of the knee. The alignment in( group I) was better in results than the (group II), in the group I the two cases (10%)had genu valgus while in (group II) four cases (20%) had varus deformity, the complete weight bearing in( group I) was better than (group II), in (group I) 18 cases (90%) had full weight bearing by 8 months after the targeted lengthening and frame removal, while the remaining 2 cases (10%) had complete weight bearing about 12 months after targeted lengthening and frame removal, while in (group II) 8 cases (40%) had complete weight bearing about 10 months after target lengthening and frame removal, while 12 cases (60%) had complete weight bearing about 12 months after targeted lengthening and frame removal. The complications were less in (group I) than (group II) ,7 cases(35%) had complications in( group I) , while 11cases (55%)had complications in (group II) There was clinical significance between the technique and incidence of complications. On the other hand the hospitalization days in (group I) were more than (group II) , the patients in (group I) needs more than one admission for lengthening, submuscular plating, metal removal and management of complications as needed, while in( group II) the patients were undergone just one admission for lengthening , the frame of Ilizarov was removed without anesthesia and hospitalization (in outpatient clinics).and we were detected that , all 20 patients of (group I) (100%) had re-exposed to three or more anesthesia in this study, while the patients in (group II) 3 cases (15%) had two exposures to anasethia only and 17 patients (85%) had one exposure to anesthesia. Lengthening and then plating for short femur may be better than lengthening with Ilizarov alone as regard external fixator time, healing index, patient satisfaction, better knee motion, earlier weight bearing and less complications. More studies needed to confirm the results of this study We recommend using Ilizarov followed by plate in the management of bone (femur) shortening despite its possible complications that could be lessened with appropriate surgical technique and patient consultation.