الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
It is generally acknowledged that metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit unique and outstanding properties, which have been discussed in various reviews. The structural nanoporosity of MOF materials places them at the frontier between zeolites and surface metal–organic catalysts. MOFs therefore appear to be excellent candidates for catalysis, with the understanding of their potential still largely in its infancy. Herein we deal comprehensively with MOFs in the field of catalysis, with special focus placed on the design, structure-activity relationships, assets and limits in light of current challenges in catalysis. In addition, an inventory of potentially active MOF materials in catalysis is given to develop functionalized MOF as a catalyst for different catalytic applications (Esterification, Friedel-Crafts acylation and Knoveonagel condensation reaction). Brønsted acidic ionic liquid, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidonium methyl sulphonate ([NMP] + CH3SO3 - ) immobilized on MIL-101(Cr) was fabricated by simple impregnation method with a good combination between MIL-101(Cr) and IL species. The worthiness of IL/MIL-101(Cr), as a Brønsted acid catalyst, has been examined for the esterification of acetic acid with amyl alcohol and Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole. Our findings demonstrated that IL/MIL 101(Cr) catalyst exhibited distinct catalytic activity with respect to the other catalysts toward the esterification reaction and Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole. The Brönsted acidic catalysts loaded on MIL-101(Cr) as a new category of porous materials are probably auspicious heterogeneous catalysts for acid catalyzed to replace the use of traditional homogeneous catalysts. Furthermore,Abstract VIII the catalyst can be easily removed from the reactions mixtures and reuse for posterior reactions, more than six times without any considerable decay in catalytic performance. The synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), porous coordination polymers with functional groups has received sparked immense interest due to the functional groups can offer desirable properties and allow post-synthetic modification. In our work, for the first time, Zr(IV)-Sal Schiff base complex incorporated into amino-functionalized MIL-101(Cr) framework by salicylaldehyde condensing to amino group and coordinating Zr(IV) ion have been successfully synthesized. The worthiness of the synthesized material as a catalyst has been examined for Knoveonagel condensation reaction of aldehydes, Friedel–Crafts acylation of anisole and the esterification of oleic acid (free fatty acid) with methanol producing biodiesel (methyl oleate). Our findings demonstrated that Sal-Zr(IV) grafted to framework of NH2-MIL 101(Cr) catalyst exhibited distinct catalytic performance for Knoveonagel condensation, Friedel–Crafts acylation and the esterification reaction. These could be attributed to high surface area which allow high distribution of Zr(IV) species lead to a sufficient contact with the reactants species. Furthermore, the catalyst showed excellent recycling efficiency due to the strong interaction between the Zr(IV) ions and chelating groups in the NH2-MIL-101(Cr)-Sal