الفهرس 
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Abstract
Aim: This Animal Study aimed to evaluate the insertion torque and initial stability of single thread
implants versus double and triple thread implants.
Methods: Forty two osteotomies were prepared in blocks of fresh bovine bone. The implants used
in this study were divided into 3 main groups according to the thread lead design either Single
thread implant, double thread implants and triple thread implants (n=14). Implant from each group
was inserted in bone blocks until reaching insertion torques (30 Ncm, 40Ncm and 50Ncm) then
calibration of the part of implant inserted within bone was performed by calibrating the part of
implant outside the. The primary stability of each implant was assessed via resonance frequency
analysis using the Osstell ISQ device. The removal torque of each implant is measured at torque
50N/cm. Data were explored for normality using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk. Oneway
ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was used for intergroup comparisons while oneway
repeated measures ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test was used for intragroup
comparisons. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05 for all tests.
Results: Regarding , implant insertion torque the highest value was found in single thread group
followed by double thread group, while the lowest value was found in triple thread group and there
was a significant difference between different groups (p<0.001). Primary stability results revealed
that, the highest value was found in triple thread group, followed by double thread group, while the
lowest value was found in single thread group and there was a significant difference between
different groups (p<0.001). When coming to removal torque, the highest value was found in triple
thread group, followed by double thread group, while the lowest value was found in single thread
and there was a significant difference between different groups (p<0.001).
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Conclusions: When primary stability is a concern, as in low bone quality, double and triple
threaded implants can provide greater primary stability and insertion torque than single threaded
implants. Double threaded implants combine optimum insertion speed and high primary stability
and insertion torque in compromised situations.