الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background: Prevention of initial dental caries has an essential role instead of the treatment especially in children. So using remineralizing agents can be very effective. Thus, many studies and examinations of these agents were conducted to confirm their properties and compare between their effectiveness. Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nano-bioactive glass paste, casein phosphopeptide with amorphous calcium phosphate paste and fluoride varnish on the artificially induced carious lesion of the primary teeth enamel. Material and Methods: A total of sixty extracted primary second molars were used and divided into four equal groups (n=15) with different remineralizing treatment; group A (Bioactive glass paste), group B (CPP-ACP paste- GC tooth mousse), group C (fluoride varnish- Fluor Protector), group D (control group). Groups A, B and C were subjected to demineralization to induce artificial early carious lesion by using 37% phosphoric acid gel (Eco-etch) for twenty minutes. The surface microhardness and surface roughness were measured for the control group D as a baseline and for the other three groups after demineralization. After that, the application of the different remineralizing agents for 10 days and keeping the samples in artificial saliva. Then another surface microhardness and roughness tests were applied for all groups. The results were validated qualitatively using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The data were collected and statistically analyzed using One Way ANOVA test with Post Hoc Tukey test. Results: Regarding the microhardness test, the results showed that both BAG paste and CPP-ACP paste have a highly significant recovery compared to fluoride varnish after remineralization (P<0.05). However, all remineralizing agents revealed increased values when compared with results after demineralization. There was no statistical significant difference between the different study groups when compared to the control after demineralization and after remineraliztion in the surface roughness results (P>0.05). On SEM examination, there was a restoration of enamel surface for all studied groups with the appearance of mineralized deposits. These minerals depositions were highly observed in bioactive glass then CPP-ACP and the lowest was with fluoride varnish. Conclusions: All of the three agents BAG, CPP-ACP and fluoride varnish are capable to remineralize early carious lesions while BAG is more effective in remineralization and localization of calcium and phosphate at the demineralized enamel surface.