الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out in goats and sheep from different localities in north Aswan and imported camels that enter Egypt coming from Sudan that temporary quarantined Abu-Simbuel region of Aswan Governorate, southern Egypt in the period from June 2016 to May 2018.
A total number of 500 animals from different species, different ages, different sexes, different localities and during different seasons were clinically examined for PPRV infection and the suspected cases were serologically tested by ELISA and PCR techniques. For diagnosis of Peste des petits ruminant’s infection in goats, sheep while imported camels were randomly sampled during the quarantine measurements at Abu-Simbel Veterinary Quarantine Station.
This study included a lot of purposes:
1- Serological study for detection of PPR infection in Aswan Governorate, Egypt by ELISA technique.
2- Determine the prevalence of PPR infection in sheep, goats and imported camels in Aswan Governorate.
3- Epidemiological study of PPR to assess effect of species, age, sex, season and area on prevalence of PPR in Aswan Governorate.
Out of 200 clinically examined goats 98 (49%) showed clinical abnormalities, Out of 200 sheep examined 110 (55.00%) were clinically suspected.
The most observed clinical sings in the present study were ”high body temperature (up to 41℃ ), severe mucopurulent nasal, ocular discharges, necrotic stomatitis, respiratory distress; diarrhea and abortion in diseased female goats” while the tested imported camels showing no obvious sings of disease.
The necropsy findings showed that the carcass of an affected animal was usually emaciated, the hindquarters soiled with soft/watery faeces, the eyeballs sunken, necrotic and erosive stomatitis on the gums, soft and hard palates, tongue, cheeks and esophagus. Discontinuous streaks of congestion “zebra stripes” form on the crests of the mucosal folds were in the posterior part of the colon and the rectum.
The lung was dark red or purple in color, lymph nodes (associated with the lungs and the intestines) were soft and swollen.
To determine the effect of epidemiological feature study the following:
1-Effect of species: the prevalence of PPR was 76.09% ,75% ,18.48% in sheep, goats and camels respectively and sheep was higher than goats this may be attributed to a higher recovery rate and greater longevity of sheep and the goats showed low level of serum antibodies against PPR due to the high susceptibility in goat population which may lead to death prior to sampling.
2- Effect of sex : all examined imported camels were males, while among sheep and goat, the prevalence rate in females were higher than males because female animals were kept longer time for reproduction purpose while the males were sold out for meat used in festivals and sacrifices could be the reason connected to the wide spread of the infection in this gender of small ruminants.
3- Effect of age :we found that PPR virus infect all age groups in sheep and goats, in goats with age >1 year (40/45) 88.88%, young between 4 to 12 months (20/30) 60.66% and young’s < 4 months (9/14) 64.28% were positive .In sheep, the prevalence of PPR with age >1 year (35/40) 87.50%, young between 4 to 12 months (25/30) 83.33% and young’s < 4 months (10/22) 45.45% were positive. Adult animal show higher prevalence to PPR. In this study camels >5 years only were seropositive to PPRV In my study camels > 5 years (17/65) 26.15% were seropositive to PPRV. The prevalence rate was higher in adult animals than young’s.
4- There was no effect of season on prevalence rate of PPR infection in the present study.
5-Effect of area: the prevalence rate was in Edfou (60/79) 75.95%, Daraw (59/80) 73.75%, Balanaa (20/25) 80% were positive to PPRV infection. The difference in the prevalence rate may be due to difference in sample size.
The present study revealed ELISA technique was good diagnostic tool for sero diagnosis of PPRV antibodies.
PCR applied on (7) animals, the samples from seropositive animals 2goats, 2 sheep and 3 camels as confirmatory test and 6/7 were positive.