الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) is an homogenous tumor that takes a high bulk for transplanting , nonappearance of relapse, shorter life span, sure malevolence, initially hypodiploid, rapid proliferation and defined by the nonappearance of TSTA (tumor-specific transplantation antigen). Nevertheless, two systems of Ehrlich models are used and they are solid tumors shaped by booster hypodermic for tumor cells or ascetic tumor formation by inoculation intraperitoneal for these cells. Damiana (Turnera diffusa Willd) is a remedial plant usually used as tonic, diuretic drug and aphrodisiacal; it is also frequently used for the research of distillations and alcohols, and in the creation of improving products. It has been recommended that damiana has a large number of important oils and antioxidants, mainly flavonoids which could be accountable for its therapeutic chattels The impartial of this learning was to explore the perfecting person of Damiana against the liver and kidney poisonousness ,grievance, DNA damage, proliferation and apoptosis tempted by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) behavior female mice. Also, our study expected to expression the outcome of Damiana on reserve of Ehrlich cell growth and tumor growth. Then, the recent training aimed to validate the hepatic and renal amelioratory person of Damiana against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma brought liver and kidney toxicity. The mice were separated into five groups: Group1 (control): mice were inserted with physiological saline; group2 (Damiana): mice fed orally with Damiana by oral feeding tube (100 mg/Kg body weight/ day) everyday for 14 days; group3 (EAC): mice inserted once intraperitoneal (ip) with 2.5x106 (EAC) cell; group4 (Pre-treated): Damiana administered orally everyday for 14 days before implanted intraperitoneally with EAC cells; group; (Co-treated): mice were surrounded with EAC cells on the first day and then Damiana directed orally by feeding tube daily for 14 days. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells composed from donor mice (Swiss albino) of 20-25 g body weight found and adjourned in sterilized isosmotic saline. A secure number of workable cells (usually 2.5x106 cells/20 g body weight) were transported to well animals by intraperitoneal (ip) transplantation of each addressee mouse. When trial period finish; abstaining immediate and under with sodium pentobarbital and sacrificed. Blood samples were composed by cardiac puncture from under mice into the heparinized tube and mixed well to stop clot creation, blood examples were deposited frozen (at 4oC) until used. The break of the blood was placid in glass tubes for coagulation and serum formation, blood was permissible to sit for 30 min at 4oC to clot and then centrifuged for 10 minutes at 3000 rpm at room temperature; serum was unglued and kept in clean stopper vial at -20ºC until assay. After the numb, the liver and kidney were detached and cleaned by using cold saline and then separate the connector tissues and the observing fat. Weigh 0.8 gm of the liver and kidney were used for comet assay for the taxation of DNA damage and the rest part was absorbed immediately in 10% neutral buffered formalin for the assessment of histopathological immunohistochemical inspections. The obtained results can be summarized as follow: 1- Data displayed that tumor cells, cellular changes and mitotic cells from ascites fluid in mice after vaccination with Ehrlich cells were enlarged in EAC unprocessed group, while reduced the size fluid, tumor cells, cellular modifications, and mitotic cells when treated with Damiana, the decrease in cellular alterations was extra definite in the pre-treated group. 2- Vaccinated mice with Ehrlich cells displayed proliferation of liver and kidney DNA damage when linked to the control. Whereas, the incidence of Damiana in the pretreated and co-treated groups induced inhibition in DNA damages when associated to the EAC group. 3- Serum AST, ALT, ALP levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased while total protein and albumin were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in EAC as compared with control mice. However, the treated with Damiana in the pre-treated and cotreated group revealed ameliorate in liver enzymes activity compared to the EAC group. The ameliorative effect of Damiana was more pronounced in the pre-treated group. 4-Serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased while serum HDL levels were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in EAC as compared with control mice. However, the treated with Damiana in pre-treated and co-treated Summary & Conclusion 108 groups revealed ameliorate in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL levels compared to the EAC group. The ameliorative effect of Damiana was more pronounced in pre-treated group. 5- Serum urea, creatinine and potassium ions (K+) levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased while sodium ions (Na+) were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in EAC as compared with control mice. In contrast, the treated with Damiana in the pre-treated and cotreated revealed ameliorate in renal function parameters compared to the EAC group. 6-Serum Calcium ions level significantly (p<0.05) decreased while serum chloride ions level significantly (p<0.05) increased in EAC group as compared with control mice. However, the treated with Damiana in pre-treated and co-treated group revealed ameliorate in serum calcium and chloride ions levels compared to EAC group. The ameliorative effect of Damiana was more pronounced in the pre-treated group. 7- The histopathological examinations of control and Damiana group of mice liver revealed a normal histological section. Liver sections in inoculated mice with Ehrlich cells exhibited marked degeneration in hepatic cords , marked inflammatory cells and congested blood sinusoids were observed in the EAC group. While the treated with Damiana in the pre-treated and co-treated groups exhibited improvement and moderate cellular infiltrations in hepatocytes when compared to the EAC group. 8- The histopathological examinations in mice kidney sections in control and Damiana groups showed the entirely normal Summary & Conclusion 109 architecture of the characteristic of the glomeruli and renal tubules. While mice inoculated with Ehrlich cells induced marked damage and degenerated in glomeruli and renal tubules. While the kidney sections in the pre-treated and co-treated groups revealed improvement and arrangement in the kidney histological structure compared to the EAC group. 9- Immunohistochemical examinations of P53 protein expressions in liver and kidney sections showed a negative or weak reactivity for P53 protein in the control and Damiana groups. While a strong expression for p53 protein was observed in nuclei of hepatocytes, glomeruli and renal tubules in the EAC group when compared with the normal control group. Furthermore, the intensity of p53 protein was significantly decreasing in liver and kidney sections in treated mice with Damiana (Pre-treated and Co-treated) groups when compared to the EAC group. 10-Proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivity (PCNA-ir) expressions in the liver and kidney tissues showed negative or weak reactivity in the control and Damiana groups. In contrast; a strong positive reaction for PCNA was observed in nuclei of hepatocytes, glomeruli and renal tubules in the EAC group when compared with the normal control group. On the other hand, the intensity of PCNA was significantly decreased in liver and kidney sections in treated mice with Damiana (Pre-treated and Co-treated) groups when compared to the EAC group. Summary & Conclusion 110 Conclusion: Damiana has an amelioratory role in contradiction of EAC induced liver and kidney damage and toxicity in female mice. Damiana reduced the DNA damage, serum liver activities, and improvement of the lipid profile levels, renal function tests, serum electrolytes, hepatic and renal tissue injury, expression P53, BCL2, and PCNA proteins when compared to the EAC group. Hence, these findings suggest that Damiana can be a reliable and novel therapy for Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, further validate the neoplastic activity of Damiana as a potential therapy for other categories of cancer is needed.