الفهرس 
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Abstract
”The current thesis was aimed to study the expression pattern of vitamin D receptor gene in horses with chronic inflammatory airway disease, the expression pattern of vitamin D receptor gene in horses with allergic skin disease and cytokine levels in horses and donkeys with allergic skin disease in a comparative study The current study included a total number of 55 horses and 45 donkeys. Comprehensive data and detailed clinical examination of the horses and donkeys were performed. The samples were collected in the period between December, 2017 and November, 2018 from Dakahlia Governorates. Concerning the obtained results, as mentioned in order of each part, in horses with chronic inflammatory airway disease, all horses were suffered from various clinical signs including mucopurulent nasal discharge, increase in the respiratory rate, chronic cough, abnormal lung sounds and abnormal tracheal sounds. Concerning the serum level of interleukin 1 beta there was a significant increase (p < 0.001) of IL-1β and TNF-α in horses with chronic inflammatory airway disease compared to control group. Regarding the gene expression of VDR in horses with chronic inflammatory air way disease there was a significant down expression (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. In horses with allergic dermatitis disease, the recorded clinical signs were itching, biting at his side, scab over, loss of hair, dandruff, redness, inflammation, and scaling of his skin. Concerning the serum level of interleukin 1 beta there was a significant increase (p < 0.001) of IL-1β and TNF-α in horses with allergic dermatitis compared to control group. Regarding the gene expression of VDR in horses with allergic dermatitis there was a significant down expression (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. In horses and donkeys with allergic dermatitis, the recorded clinical signs were itching, biting at his side, scab over, loss of hair, dandruff, redness, inflammation, and scaling of his skin. Concerning the serum level of interleukin 1 beta there was a significant increase (p < 0.001) of IL-1β and TNF-α in both animals with allergic dermatitis compared to control gro. Results of the current study concluded that the dysregulation of VDR gene could exaggerate the inflammatory status of some allergic conditions in equine including chronic inflammatory air way disease and allergic dermatitis.