الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 108 |  |  |
| | | from | 108 | | |
Abstract
The current work was an epidemiological study about Fascioliasis in 500 animals of different types of ruminants: cattle (268), buffalos (58), sheep (94), goats (72), camels (8) over one year from September 2018 to August 2019. 244 animals in Aswan Governorate: (78 males & 166 females) from Kema, El copania, Abo el resh, west Aswan and 256 animals in Assuit Governorate: (72 males &184 females) from Dirout, Manfalout, Elbdare, Elqusia. The animals examined clinically and parasitologically aimed to determine the infection rate of Fascioliasis in ruminants in the two governorates with special referring to the effect of various epidemiological factors: sex, age, species, and season on the prevalence of Fascioliasis.
The results of the study were as following:-
1) The prevalence rate of Fascioliasis was 12.8% (64/500). It was higher in Assuit governorate 20.3% (52/256) than in Aswan Governorate 4.91% (12/244).
2) The prevalence rate of Fascioliasis in ruminants in Assuit, Aswan abattoirs (from recorded data of Aswan, Assuit abattoirs) was relatively similar to that measured by coprological examination in the current study.
3) Local breeds of cattle affected by Fascioliasis higher than imported cattle, sheep and buffalos were the most species affected by Fascioliasis in Aswan abattoirs, while goats and buffalos were the most species affected in Assuit abattoirs.
4) By clinical examination of the examined animals the most obvious signs were weight loss 67.2% (336 /500) , loss of appetite: ranged from moderate to complete loss 79.2% (398/500) , diarrhoea 12% (60/500 ) , pale 94.8 (474 / 500) or yellowish mucous membrane 2.4% (12 /500 ) , ascites, bottle jaw 0.8% (8/500) , alopecia 12% (60/500) , fever 6.4% (32/500) and vomiting 5.6% (28/500) . All of the examined animals with history of drinking of contaminated channels.
5) Regarding the effect of epidemiological factors: the age, sex was statistically not significant at (p<0.05) while season was statistically significant (p< 0.05); the infection rate in hot season was higher than in cold season also species was statistically significant (p< 0.05), cattle was more affected by coprological examination.
6) All ruminants were susceptible to Fascioliasis but the lowest infection rate was recorded in camels (imported camels in Aswan abattoirs) but not recorded by coprological examination or in Assuit abattoirs.
7) Regarding the parasitological examination: faecal samples were collected from all examined animals directly from the rectum or immediately after defecation, and then examined microscopically with direct smear, simple sedimentation technique at low and high magnification of the microscope to detect Fasciola sp. egg. The Fasciola sp egg was large, oval, operculated, light yellow to brown in color with thin wall. The obtained result of faecal examination was 7.6% (38/500) by direct smear, 12.8% (64/500) by Simple sedimentation technique.
8) With faecal examination many parasitic eggs detected rather than Fasciola sp eggs. 51.6% 0f the fecal samples founded with parasitic eggs (258/500) which include Eimeria sp, Ascaris sp, balantedium coli, strongyloides sp, protozoal cyst, paramphstumum sp. and trichuris sp .
9) With examination of some infected liver samples in the abattoir, the liver founded with variable degree of fibrosis. In severe affected liver, the surface of the liver lost its normal texture and became more rigid with white or creamy tunnels appeared from the outer surface of the affected liver, its width varied from millimeters to 2 cm which represented the thickness of bile ducts, with opening it contain black wastes, different stages of Fasciola sp., after removal of them from the liver they were leaf like in shape differed in width (about 1cm) and length ranged from (3-5cm).
10) With treatment trials on three groups of natural infected animals (positive by coprological examination) with some anthelmintic drugs differ in their chemical groups (Ivomec super, Rafoxanide and Tricalbendazole) divided to three groups 10 animals in each one. The dose was repeated twice with 3 weeks in between, and animals examined clinically and laboratory; faecal sample was collected and examined microscopically in each time for follow up. Egg counting using( Modified stoll’ dilution technique) was done 3 times in each group (day 1, after 3 weeks post treatment, 6 weeks post treatment). The efficacy of the drug measured by improved of clinical state or reduction/ disappearance of Fasciola egg count.
a) In group I (treated by Ivomec super): EPG before treatment was 800 egg/ gram and after treatment was 1280 egg/gram, ERRS of Ivomec super was zero. b) In group II (treated by Tricalbendazole): EPG before treatment was 500 egg/ gram and after treatment was 80 egg/gram, ERRS of Tricalbendazole was 84%.
c) In group III (treated by Rafoxanide): EPG before treatment was 480 egg/ gram and after treatement was 160 egg/ gram, ERRS of Rafoxanide was 66.6%. d) The anthelmintic drug wasn’t effective in treatment of Fascioliasis as no progress in the clinical status of the infected animals and the ERR less than 90%.