الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In order to obtain the objective of this investigation; two field experiment was undertaken at Baramoon Research Station, Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, during the winter season of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019, to investigate the effect of irrigation interval, different rates of potassium fertilization and foliar application with some nano-fertilizers (K and B nano particles) as well as their interactions on plant growth parameter, yield and its components, chemical constituents and flower head quality parameter of globe artichoke French, Hyrious variety.of globe artichoke. The experiment includes 36 treatments, representing the combinations of three irrigation intervals, three rates of potassium fertilization and four foliar application of Nano-fertilization, treatments. The design of the experiment was a strip-split plot with three replication. A. The vertical-plots were allocated to three irrigation intervals as following: 1. 10 days. 2. 20 days. 3. 30 days. B. The horizontal plots were devoted to three rates of potassium fertilization as follows: 1. 100% from recommended dose. 2. 75% from recommended dose. 3. 50% from recommended dose. C. The split plots were included four foliar application of Nano-fertilization as follows: 1. Without (tap water). 2. 3000 ppm nano-K. 3. 50 ppm nano-B. 4. 3000 ppm nano-K+ 50 ppm nano-B. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: 5.1. As for the characteristics of vegetative growth, the results show that: • Individual effect of irrigation intervals (10, 20 and 30 days) on vegetative growth parameters indicated a significant differences in most vegetative growth parameters in both seasons. Irrigation treatments of 20 days recorded the highest values in all measured growth parameters, followed by irrigation every 10 days during both seasons. • There is a significant increase in all vegetative growth parameters with increasing rates of potassium from 50 up to 100% of recommended doses. Treatment of 100% K from recommended dose recorded the highest significant values of all vegetative growth parameters in both seasons. • The highest mean values of mentioned parameters were achieved when using a mixture of 3000 ppm nano-K+ 50 ppm nano-B. followed by 3000 ppm nano-K then 50 ppm nano-B comparing with the control during both seasons. • Globe artichoke plants were supplied with 100 % followed by at the rate of 75% K fertilization gave the highest values under all intervals Irrigation every 20 days gave the highest significant values of plant height, number of leaves/plant, number of branches/plant, fresh weight, dry weight and leaf area during both seasons. • Foliar application with a mixture of 3000 ppm nano-K+ 50 ppm nano-B. and irrigation every 20 days, recorded the highest values from plant height, number of leaves/plant, number of branches/plant, fresh weight, dry weight and leaf area, followed by the same treatment with irrigation every 10 days in both seasons. • The highest significant values for aforementioned traits when using 100% or 75 % from recommended dose with foliar application of 3000 ppm K + 50 ppm B, while the lowest values were realized with only 50% K. This trend was true during both seasons. • The suitable treatments which recorded the highest mean values for all mentioned parameters were 100% or 75 % K combined with 3000 ppm K+ 50 ppm B under 20 days irrigation intervals during both seasons, which reach approximately around the same treatments under 10 days intervals with no significant effect. While the lowest significant values recorded with plants fertilized with 50% K under irrigation after 30 days. 5.2. As for yield and its components, the results show that: • The highest significant values of Average fruit weight and number of fruit for early and total yield/fed. of globe artichoke were realized for the treatment of irrigation every 20 days, while the lowest one was recorded for the plants irrigated with 30 days in two seasons. • With increasing rate of K fertilization 50 to 100 % from recommended dose tended to increase the mean values of yield parameters. The heights mean values recorded with plants fertilized by 100% K followed by 75% with high significant during both seasons of the experiment. • Foliar application with nano fertilization for both nano-fertilizers significantly increased on early and total yield. The highest significant values of average fruit and number for early yield and total yield, realized with 3000 ppm nano K + 50 ppm nano B followed by 3000 ppm K then 50 ppm B during both seasons. • The highest significant increase mean values of early and total yield recorded with 100% K fertilization from recommended doses under 20 days interval followed by the same rate of K under 10 days during both seasons. • The irrigation every 20 days followed by irrigation every 10 days with a mixture of 3000 ppm nano-K+ 50 ppm nano-B. recorded the highest significant of early and total yield during the growing seasons. • The highest values of average heads weight/fed and number of heads/fed for both early and total yield were recorded with 100% K or 75% from recommended dose with significant increase with foliar application of 3000 ppm nano-K and 50 ppm nano-B treatment during the growing seasons. • The highest mean values of early yield and total yield were recorded for the plants treated with the combination of 100% K or 75% from recommended dose and foliar application by 3000 ppm nano-K + 50 ppm nano-B treatment when irrigated every 20 days. The same trend was true during both seasons. 5.3. As for head characteristics, the results show that: • Increasing irrigation intervals significantly affected in most head quality. Irrigation every 20 days significantly increased weight of head, head length, head diameter, fresh and dry weight of receptacle as well as receptacle diameter followed by irrigation at 10 during the two seasons. • Fertilizing glob artichoke plants with 100 % mineral K followed by 75% K gave the highest values of average weight of head, head length, head diameter, fresh and dry weight of receptacle as well as receptacle diameter in both seasons. • As for the effect of foliar application by nano fertilization, the treatment of 3000 ppm nano-K+ 50 ppm nano-B record the highest values significant on the previous traits than those obtained for the untreated plants followed by 3000 ppm K then 50 ppm B. • The highest values for head quality were realized for the treatment of 100% K fertilization and irrigation every 20 days comparing with other treatments. during both seasons. • The interaction of irrigation intervals combined with nano foliar application gave high significant for head quality parameters of glob artichoke plants as compared to non-treated plants with irrigation every 30 days • The highest values of the most aforementioned traits were recorded when using a mixture of 3000 ppm nano K + 50 ppm nano B treatment under all K-rates specially with 100% or 75% of the recommended compared to untreated plants during both seasons. • The highest mean values of all previous traits were recorded with shorted irrigation intervals and 100% or 75% K and nano foliar application by mix of K and B treatment. So, in this regard the highest mean values of all previous traits were recorded with 100 % K from recommended dose + 3000 ppm nano K+ 50 ppm nano B under irrigation every 20 days during both seasons of the experiments. 5.4. As for chemical constituents and quality, the results show that: • The highest mean values of chemical constituents (N, P and K% in leaves, as well as B ppm, total carbohydrates, total sugar concentration and inulin in receptacle of flower head, recorded with irrigation every 20 days followed by 10 days during both seasons. • The highest mean values of chemical constituents associated with the addition of 100% K, while such effect was realized for the treatment of 75% K. the same trend was true during both seasons. • The highest mean values of mentioned parameters recorded with 3000 ppm K + 50 ppm B followed by 3000 ppm K then 50 ppm B. while the lowest values recorded with control. The same trend was true during both seasons of the experiment. • The highest mean values of chemical constituents were obtained with the treatment of 100% K from recommended dose, which appeared to be approximately near to that of 75% treatment under all irrigation intervals especially irrigation every 20 days during two seasons. • The highest values of N, P, K%, B ppm, total carbohydrates, total sugar concentration and inulin in receptacle artichoke realized for the treatment of 3000 ppm nano K +50 ppm nano B under 20 days followed by the same foliar under 10 days. The same trend was true during both seasons. • Treating the plants of artichoke during planting with the different rates of K fertilization and various concentration of nano K and B increased all traits. The highest values for all the aforementioned traits as compared to the untreated plants recorded with the treatment of 100% K or 75% with foliar application of 3000 ppm K + 50 ppm B. • The highest values N, P and K% in leaves as well as B ppm, total carbohydrates, total sugar concentration and inulin in receptacle of artichoke were connected with 100 or 75 % K from recommended dose with 3000 K+ 50 ppm B as foliar application under irrigation every 20 days during both seasons.. Conclusion Finally, it could be concluded that, potassium fertilization at 100% (200 kg potassium sulfate/fed.) or 75% (150 kg of potassium sulfate/fed.) with foliar application by a mixture of 3000 ppm nano-K+ 50 ppm nano-B and irrigation every 20 days is recommended for globe artichoke plants grown under field conditions to obtain the best vegetative growth and the best yield parameters and the highest quality. Therefore, we recommend this treatment because it saves in the amount of potassium and the amount of irrigation water and thus reduces the costs of globe artichokes production and environmental pollution under the conditions of this study.