الفهرس 
Review of Literature
Overview about the most common of Childhood CancerOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Electrolyte and acid–base disturbances are common in
cancer children, due to either the malignancy or treatment of
the malignancy. A child may develop metabolic acidosis
from lactate produced by disseminated lymphoma or from
chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (Bryan, et al., 2017).
This study was aimed to evaluate the nurses’
performance regarding fluid and electrolytes imbalance
among children with cancer.
Research Question
What is the level of nurses’ knowledge about fluid and
electrolytes imbalance among child with cancer?
What is the level of nurses’ practices about fluid and
electrolytes imbalance among child with cancer?
Is there a relation between nurses’ knowledge and their
practices regarding care of children suffering from
fluid and electrolytes imbalance?
The subject and methods of the current study will be
discussed under the following four (4) designs:
I. Research Design
II. Operational DesignIII. Administrative Design
IV. Statistical Design
I. Research Design
A descriptive design was used to conduct this study.
Setting
This study was conducted at pediatric oncology
department children hospital affiliated to Ain shams
university hospital and National Cancer Institute at Tanta
affiliated to general secretariat of the specialized center.
Sample
A convenient sample of (100) nurses were working at
the previously mentioned setting, under the following
criteria; nurses who deal with children with cancer and
suffering from fluid and electrolytes imbalance, regardless
their age, sex education and year of experience.
Data Collection Tools
Data collected by using two tools:
J. Interviewing Questionnaire: it was developed by the
researcher after reviewing the relevant literatures. It was
written in simple Arabic language. It was consist of two
parts: Part I: It was concerned to assess:
characteristics of nurses, as regards their age, sex,
level of education, position, years of experience,
attendance of previous training program.
characteristics of the studied children (age, gender,
sex, history about the disease
Part II: It was related nurse’s knowledge about fluid and
electrolytes imbalance of child with cancer such as
(causes, signs, symptoms and complication).
Scoring system:
According to the responses obtained from the nurse’s, a
scoring system was followed to assess the nurse’s knowledge
each question scored one (1) for correct answer and each
incorrect answer, scored zero (0). The score of questions
were summed-up and the total divided by number of the
items, giving a mean score. These scores were converted into
a percent score was classified as the following:
< 75 unsatisfactory knowledge
≥ 75 satisfactory knowledge
II. Observational Checklist: It adopted from (57357policy
and procedure book 2014) to assess the nurse’s practices
regarding fluid and electrolytes imbalance of child with
cancer; it consisted of: Intravenous maintenance (23 steps)
IV infusion –port (21 steps)
Administration of chemotherapy IV push peripheral IV
(PIV) (21 steps)
Administration of chemotherapy IV push via CVL (24
items)
Administration of chemotherapy intramuscular (25 steps)
Insert nasogastric tube & feeding (38 steps).
Admiration of blood &blood components (25 steps)
Blood &blood components transfusion reaction (8 steps)
Measuring temperature(11 steps)
Measuring heart rate(11 steps)
Measuring respiration (10 steps)
Measuring blood pressure (17 steps)
Scoring system:
The right step scored one, and that wrong scored zero. The
score of steps were summed-up and the total divided by
number of the steps, giving a mean score. These scores were
converted into a percent score was classified as the
following:
< 80 incompetent practices
≥ 80 competent practicesII- Operational Design
Preparatory Phase
This phase included reviewing of literature related to
nursing care regarding fluid and electrolytes imbalance
among children with cancer. This served to develop the study
tools for data collection. During this phase, the researcher
also visited the selected places to be acquainted with the
personnel and the study settings. Development of the tools
was under supervisors’ guidance and experts’ opinions
considered.
Face and Content Validity
A group (5) of the experts in field of pediatric nursing to
test its content validity ascertained content validity and
applicability, Reliability was don used test-retest (0.82).
Pilot Study
Pilot study carried out on 10% (10 nurses) of nurses were
working at the previously mentioned settings to test the
applicability of the constructed tools and the clarity of the
included questions related to nurses care regarding fluid and
electrolytes imbalance among children with cancer. The pilot
has also served to estimate the time needed for each subject to fill in the questions. According to the results of the pilot,
some corrections such as rephrasing and added questions
performed as needed. The pilot participants were not
included in the main study sample.
Fieldwork
The actual field work of this study was carried out over
6 month’s period stated from the beginning of August 2018
till the end of January 2019 week. The researcher was
available one day per week for each sitting. Each nurse was
interviewed individually to gather the necessary data of the
study. As regards the nurses’ practices, it was assessed by the
researcher throughout their daily care in the study settings.
The nurses were asked to give their responses according to
the study tools.the required time to collect data from each
nurse about 40 -50 minutes.
III. Administrative Design
Approval obtained through on issued letter from the Dean
of Faculty of Nursing, Ain Shams University to directors of
the previously mentioned settings. The researcher then met
the hospital director and explained the purpose and the
methods of the data collection. Ethical Consideration
The research approval obtained from the faculty ethical
committee before starting the study. Verbal approval
obtained from the nurses before inclusion in the study; a
clear and simple explanation given according to their level of
understanding, physical and mental readiness. They secured
that all the gathered data was confidential and used for
research purpose only. The nurses informed that they are
allowed to choose to participate or not in the study and they
have the right to withdraw from the study at any time.