الفهرس 
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Abstract
Many carbohydrazones have provided wide interest due to their significant biological and pharmaceutical activities, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antimalarial, in addition to their anticancer activity. The current interest in carbohydrazones is due to presence of various donor atoms (N, O-donors), which exhibit different binding modes towards metal ions giving different structure motifs. The main aim of the current thesis is focused on synthesis and characterization, based on elemental analyses, thermal (TG and DTG) analyses, spectral techniques (FT-IR, NMR, UV-Vis, mass, PXRD and ESR) and magnetic measurements, of N’,2-bis((Z)-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazine-1 carbohydrazide ligand (H3ICH) and its Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), Pd(II), La(III), and UVIO2(II) metal complexes. Also, cyclic voltammetry, fluorescence, biological activity, and molecular docking studies were performed. The present thesis includes three main chapters: introduction, experimental, results and discussion as well as English, and Arabic summary. The first chapter (introduction) of this thesis includes a literature survey of the previous work carried out on spectral studies and different applications of carbohydrazones and their medical importance. The second chapter (experimental part) of the thesis includes the materials and reagents as well as the experimental and physical techniques. It comprised details concerning the materials, synthesis of the ligand and its metal complexes, instruments used, working procedures and methods of calculations. The third chapter (results and discussion) includes the following information: 1. the purposed chemical formulae of the ligand and its metal complexes are in a good agreement with the stoichiometries concluded from their analytical data of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, chloride, and metal contents. 2. All isolated compounds are of high melting points (>300˚C) and are insoluble in most organic solvents except DMSO. 3. The coordination manners of the ligand to the different metal ions, and nature of the coordinating groups (acetate and solvated molecules) have been elucidated using FT-IR, NMR, UV-Vis spectra. 4. Different modes of coordination for the ligand are suggested based on careful comparison between the spectra of the ligand and its metal complexes. The data obtained are summarized as: a. In Hg(II), and UVIO2(II) complexes, the ligand acts as a neutral molecule via its two nitrogen atoms of (C=N)azomethine groups in Hg(II) complex, beside both of its oxygen atoms of (C=O)isatinic in coordination to the two uranyl (VI) moieties. b. H3ICH behaves as a mononegative tridentate NON ligand, and coordinates to Mn(II), Cd(II) and Pd(II) metal ions via the deprotonated (C-O)hydrazonic, and nitrogen atoms of both (C=N)azomethine groups. c. Towards Cu(II), and Zn(II) metal ions, ligand acts as a mononegative pentadentate ONONO ligand, and coordinates via oxygen of deprotonated (C-O)hydrazonic, nitrogen’s of both (C=N)azomethine groups, and oxygen’s of the two (C=O) of isatin moieties. d. In [Co(HICH)(H2O)2].2H2O complex, H3ICH ligand coordinates to Co(II) ion in a binegative tetradentate NONO manner through oxygen’s of the deprotonated two (C-O)isatinic, and nitrogen’s of both (C=N)azomethine groups. e. In Fe(III), and La(III) complexes, the ligand behaves as a binegative pentadentate ONONO ligand, and coordinates to the metal ions via the deprotonated carbonyl oxygen’s of isatin moieties, two nitrogen’s of (C=N)azomethine groups and oxygen of (C=O)hydrazonic. f. In both of binuclear Ni(II) complexes, H3ICH ligand behaves as a tribasic pentadentate ligand via the three oxygens of the two deprotonated (C-O) of isatin moieties and (C-O) of carbohydrazone moiety and nitrogen’s of both (C=N)azomethine groups. 5. Geometries of the isolated compounds were suggested based on the data obtained from their spectral and magnetic measurements. 6. Good information about geometry and degree of covalency of the metal-ligand bond in Cu(II) octahedral chelates were elucidated from their ESR spectra. 7. Detailed thermal analysis for the metal complexes was performed in temperature range from 30-800˚C and from 30-1000˚C. The thermograms show the decomposition steps after which a constant weight is observed corresponding to the remaining part of the complex; residue mostly metal oxide (MO). 8. To assess the influence of the structural properties of the ligands and the type of the metal on thermal behavior of the complexes, the order (n) and the heat of activation (Ea) of the various decomposition stages are determined from the TG and DTG using the coats-Redfern and Horowitz-Metzger methods. This section also includes the determination of the thermodynamic parameters of activation (ΔH*, ΔS* and ΔG*) which can be calculated by Eyring equation. 9. Molecular modeling is drawn and demonstrated both bond lengths and angles, chemical reactivity, MEP, Mulliken atomic charges, and binding energy (kcal/mol) for the investigated compounds. Theoretical infrared intensities of H3ICH were computed utilizing DFT technique to make a valuable assignment of the chemical shift. 10. cyclic voltammetry of Mn(II), Co(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) metal ions with the ligand was performed in order to study the influence of the addition of ligand on the electrochemical behavior of free metal ions. 11. Fluorescence of the free ligand in absence and presence of Cu(II), and Cd(II) ions and influence of adding different concentrations of the metal ions to the ligand was also studied. In addition, the catalytic oxidative degradation of an organic azo dye (EBT) in absence and presence of the Pd(II) complex. Effect of temperature and oxidant dose on the degradation of the dye was also examined. 12. The biological activity of the compounds was investigated for their antimicrobial activity. Also, the compounds were tested for their ABTS, and superoxide-scavenging activity. 13. Final part in this chapter deals with the molecular docking of the isolated compounds against G ̅ (E. coli), and G+ (S. aureus) targets, which show good binding affinities with proteins of bacteria (negative docking score) of the isolated compounds towards these targets.