الفهرس 
Overview of Psychiatric nursingOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the study and its significant findings and presents recommendations based on the current study findings.
Psychiatric nursing is regarded as one of the most stressful occupation in the world. The work lives of psychiatric nursing staff have many sources of stress. Stress causes psychological disturbance for psychiatric nurses, psychiatric nurses have an unusual working environment that include locked ward entrances as a result the potential for patient conflict associated with risk of both physical and mental danger violence perpetrated by aggressive patients (Alidosti, 2016).
Aim of the Study:
The aim of this study is to determine relationship between self esteem and coping patterns toward work stressors among psychiatric mental health nurses.
Research questions:
1- What is the self esteem level among psychiatric mental health nurses?
2- What are the work stressors facing psychiatric mental health nurses and their coping pattern?
3- Is there a relationship between self esteem level and coping patterns to work stressors among Psychiatric mental health nurses?
Research design:
A descriptive design was utilized in this study.
Research Settings:
The study was conducted at El-Khanka Mental Health Hospital Hospital Al-Qalubeia
Subjects:
A representative sample of all psychiatric mental health nurses (210) who are working at Elkhanka psychiatric mental health hospital from both sex agree to participate in the study and excluded psychiatric nurses who have any psychological disturbances and psychiatric nurses who refuse participated.
Tools of data collection:
Four tools were used in this study; it was developed by the researcher after reviewing related literatures and reviewed by supervisors. It was written in Arabic language and used for assessing psychiatric mental health nurses self esteem and coping pattern toward work stressors.
Data were collected using the following tool:
I: socio-demographic characteristics sheet
Was constructed by the researcher concerned with age, gender, education, department, years of experience, number of work hours & monthly income.
II: Rosenberg Self esteem scale(Rosenberg 1965)
It was adopted by Rosenberg scale (Rosenberg 1965), to assess self esteem of a psychiatric mental health nurses, It consists of 10 statement (2) positive statement with number(1, 3, 4, 7,10) and 8 negative statement with number(2, 5, 6, 8,9)
Scoring system:
The total score is 30 and the scoring system is categorized as
21-30 High self esteem
15-20 Moderate self esteem
5 -14Low self esteem
The score for questions 1, 3, 4, 7, and 10
Strongly agree=3, Agree=2, Dis agree=1, and Strongly disagree=0
The score for questions 2, 5, 6, 8, and 9
Strongly agree=0, Agree=1, Dis agree=2, and Strongly disagree=3
III: work stressors scale: scale developed by Gray and Anderson, (1981) and Leary et al., (1995). It was modified and translated into Arabic by the researcher. it consists of (63) items and it was categorized under four main heading representing factors that might contribute to stress among psychiatric mental health nurses as follows:
Psychiatric Nurses occupational stress rating scale
Example Number of items Title of subscale
lack of confidence between nursing staff and supervisor 23 1-Psychological stressors
take care for a large number of psychiatric patients 26 2-Physical stressors
Lack of the support from superior 10 3-Social stressors
lack of periodic meetings between medical team and nursing team 4 4-Financial stressors
Scoring system
Subject response for stress rating scale were measured on a five rating scale range from 1 (never stressful) to 5 (extremely stressed). The total stress score was gained by summing the marks given for the statement Then, the score was converted into a percentage score. Stress rating scale score percentage as follows guide by (Alnems et.al,2005)
Scoring system for work stressor scale as follow:
< 75% High work stress level.
51-75% Moderate work stress level.
1-50% Low work stress level.
IV Jalowiec coping patterns scale (JCS)
The JCS consisting of 60 items, to evaluate coping pattern toward work stressors among psychiatric mental health nurses, The revised JCS has two parts:
(Part A) coping pattern adaptability
(Part B) coping pattern usefulness.
The degree of use of each coping strategy is rated as(never used, seldom used, sometimes used, or often used). each is statement of 4- point likert scale ranging from 1(never used / no helpful) to 4 (always used / very helpful) was used. High score indicated high frequency of use and perceived helpfulness of coping strategies.
JCS has eight subscales (coping styles). See table below for a list and description of each coping style, as well as an example of a coping strategy from each subscale.
JALOWIEC COPING SCALE: DESCRIPTION OF COPING STYLES
Example of Coping Strategy Description of Coping Style Number of Items Coping Style
Thought out ways to handle the situation Facing up to the problem 10 items
(4- 13- 16- 25- 27- 29- 33- 38- 43- 48) 8- Confrontive
Tried to put the problem out of your mind Avoiding the problem 13 items
(7-10-14-18-20-21-28-35-40-48-55-56-58) 9- Evasive
Thought about the good things in your life Positive thinking 9 items
(2-5-30-32-39-47-49-50-54) 10- Optimistic
Resigned yourself to a hopeless situation Pessimistic attitude 4 items
(9-12-23-60) 11- Fatalistic
Took out your tensions on someone else Releasing emotions 5 items
(1-8-24-46-51) 12- Emotive
Took medications to reduce tension Make yourself feel better 7items
(3-6-26-34-36-44-53) 13- Palliative
Discussed the problem with family/friends Using support systems 5 items
(11-15-17-42-59) 14- Supportant
Preferred to work things out yourself Depending on yourself 7 items
(19-22-31-37-41-52-57) 8- Self-reliant
Scoring system:
The scoring system was adopted with rating ranging from 1 (never), 2 (rare), 3 (sometimes) and 4 (usually) point for each item. Each question response are degrees.
Score % = (the observed score / the maximum score) × 100
The total score was from 60-240 grades:
• 60-145 Effective coping pattern
• 145-240 Ineffective coping pattern
This study was viewed the following results:
• More than three quarter (77.1%) were males.
• Nearly three quarter(71.9%) of psychiatric mental health nurses under the study were married.
• More than half(52.4%) of selected sample are working inpatient department.and nearly half of them working >12hrs.
• More than two third of them (65.7%) don’t have enough monthly income.
• The mjority of them (95.7%) not complain from chronic diseases.
• More than two third (65.7%) from outside El khanka city.
• Nearly half(46.2%) of psychiatric mental health nurses of studied sample with experience years from 5-15years.
• Nearly half(47.6%) of psychiatric mental health nurses of studied sample educational level in diploma.
• Nearly to three quarter(73.3%) of them have high self esteem level .
• More than two third (67.1%) of them have moderate work stressors level .
• The higher percentage of them have effective coping pattern .
• The study reveals that there were highly statistical significant differences between level of self-esteem for psychiatric mental health nurses and their department and complain of chronic disease
• Highly statistical significant differences between level of work stressors for psychiatric mental health nurses and their gender and department.
• There were highly statistical significant differences between effectiveness of coping pattern for psychiatric mental health nurses and their age, marital status, educational level and years of experiences.
• statistical significant differences between effectiveness of coping pattern for psychiatric mental health nurses and their age, department, work hours, and residence.
• High statistical significant relations between studied psychiatric mental health nurses level of self-esteem and total psychiatric nurse work stressors.
• High statistical significant relations between studied psychiatric mental health nurses level of self-esteem and level of coping pattern of If you use this method to what extent it is useful
• The study revealed that Positive correlation and high significant relation between psychiatric mental health nurses total score of self esteem and total score of psychiatric mental health nurse work stressors.
• Positive correlation and high significant relation between psychiatric mental health nurses total score of self esteem and total score of total coping pattern usefulness.
• Positive correlation and high significant between psychiatric mental health nurses total score of self esteem and total score of total coping pattern of adaptability.
• In addition to Positive correlation and high significant between psychiatric mental health nurses total score of work stressors and total score of coping pattern of adaptability
• Positive correlation and high significant between psychiatric mental health nurses total score of work stressors and total score of coping pattern of adaptability.
Conclusion:
Based on the current study findings, it was concluded that:
Nearly three quarter from studied psychiatric mental health nurses have high level of self esteem, more than two third of them suffering from moderate level of work stressors and the majority able to use and useful coping pattern effectiveness. The result of study represent that, psychiatric mental health nurses have high self esteem which help them to cope with work stressors effectively .The study revealed that there are positive correlation and significant relation between self esteem and coping pattern toward work stressors among psychiatric mental health nurses.
Recommendations
Based on the findings of the present study, it could be recommended that:
Clinically.
• Conduct orientation program for newly joined PMHNs aimed at increase their abilities to coping with job stressors.
• Establish counsling program for psychiatric nurses on how to reduce the psychological job stressors.
• Design workshop for understanding of the unique stressors and difficult situation that have an impact on psychiatric nurses and for promoting the resilience among them.
Psychiatric nurses.
• Continuous follow-up for PMHNs to participating in stress management program to improve self-esteem.
Research.
• The Future research should be done with a larger sample size in several psychiatric hospitals and in a broader geographical area.