الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetes is a main health-related complication in humans that occurs when the human is not able to use insulin efficiently (type 2 diabetes; T2D; World Health Organization, 2016).
The human PPARγ2 gene is the cytosine-guanine variation that is located in exon B which causes a change of proline into alanine at amino acid residue 12 (Pro12Ala) (Yen et al.,1997). PPAR-γPro12Ala polymorphism has no significant association with T2DM according to our study.
TNF-α is one of the main pro-inflammatory mediators that decisively contribute to develop insulin resistance, and pathogenesis of T2DM by inducing low-grade tissue-specific inflammation
Interleukin-1β is one of key pro-inflammatory cytokines during chronic inflammation in type 2 diabetes. In adipose tissue, IL-1β impairs adipocyte insulin signaling and adipogenesis (Herder et al.,2015).
We can conclude from our study that there are non-significant association between the Pro12Ala SNP and T2DM, but TNF-α, IL-1β and HOMA-IR have a significant association with T2DM.