الفهرس 
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Abstract
Atelectasis is defined as a reversible alveolar collapse typically resulting from obstruction of the airway serving the affected alveoli. Atelectasis is a very common, rather predictable, and potentially pathogenic companion to several types of acute illness, postoperative care and chronic debility. This study aimed at comparing the efficacy of LUS and chest X-ray in evaluation of atelectasis and other common related lung pathologies (pleural effusion & consolidation) compared to CT scan of the chest as gold standard modality. The present research enrolled 22 patients (Median (IQ) 64 (57.3-70.8) years, 54.2% males) who were mechanically ventilated and suspected with atelectasis and admitted at Specialized Medical Hospital (Critical care unit) & Chest department (ICU) during the period from March 2019 till March 2020. Patients with chest wall deformities or thoracotomy patients, pregnant female or who refused to participate in the study were excluded. Patients were subjected to full medical history, complete physical examination (including general, chest, abdominal and cardiac examination), laboratory investigations and radiological evaluation (including chest x-ray, LUS and CT chest). Concerning LUS, BLUE protocol was followed during the examination and the conclusion was made at the end according to BLUE protocol diagnostic tree. Furthermore, plain chest x-ray was performed and Lung pathology was defined based on the terminology of the Nomenclature Committee of the Fleischner Society. CT scanning without contrast medium was done and the findings were defined using the Nomenclature Committee of the Fleischner Society. Plain X-Ray had 100% specificity and PPV in diagnosis of atelectasis but with a sensitivity and NPV of only 5% and 17.4%, respectively. For diagnosing pleural effusion, Plain X-Ray had sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV 55.6%, 93.3%, 83.3%, and 77.8%, respectively. In addition, Plain X-Ray had sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV 28.6%, 94.1%, 66.7%, and 76.2%, respectively, for diagnosis of consolidation. Lung US had 100% specificity and PPV in diagnosis of atelectasis and a sensitivity and NPV of 95% and 80%, respectively. Moreover, lung US had 100% sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for diagnosis of pleural effusion. As regard diagnosis of consolidation, LUS had sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV 85.7%, 88.2%, 75%, and 93.8%, respectively. In the present study, agreement between CT and lung US was perfect in diagnosis of pleural effusion, very good in diagnosis of atelectasis, and good for diagnosis of consolidation. Additionally, agreement between CT and X-ray chest was moderate in diagnosis of pleural effusion, fair in diagnosis of consolidation, and poor for diagnosis of atelectasis. Furthermore, agreement between lung US and X-ray chest was moderate in diagnosis of pleural effusion, poor in diagnosis of consolidation, and atelectasis. Percussion and reduced breath sound were more significant in detection of effusion as diagnosed by CT, US and chest X-ray than crepitation and leucocytosis. In conclusion, Lung US is considered a reliable radiological modality with high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing effusion, consolidation and atelectasis. While, chest x ray has a lower sensitivity and specificity when compared to LUS in diagnosing effusion, consolidation and atelectasis. Clinical data were not effective in diagnosing of different studied lung lesion except for percussion and reduced breath sound and effusion.