الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 117 |  |  |
| | | from | 117 | | |
Abstract
The current study was carried out in Inshas Poultry Breeding Station belonging to Animal Production Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt, during the period from July to the end of November 2015.
One hundred and sixty five chickens from each developed local Strains (Silver Montazah and Matrouh) (150 females and 15 males), 20 weeks old were used in this experiment up to 40 weeks of age. They were housed under open system during the whole experiment period. All bids were weighed and randomly distributed into five treatments with three replicates per treatment (10 females and 1 male / replicate). Feed and fresh water were provided ad libitum during the experimental period. The first group (control group) was exposed to the natural day light, while the second, third, fourth and fifth groups were exposed to the same lighting system but with supplemental 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours respectively exposure to ultraviolet type A irradiation (UVA) with wavelength up to (368 nm) from UV lamps after sunset, by using controlled timer. All hens were housed under similar managerial and sanitary conditions.
The following measurements were taken:
- Productive performance including live body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, egg number, egg weight, egg mass, egg production number, external and internal egg quality traits. Physiological parameters including some blood constituents (i.e. total protein, albumin, Globulin, uric acid, Creatine, Calcium, phosphorus, some blood enzymes (ALT, AST) as liver function indicators. Thyroid hormone (T3) level and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) were also measured. Some hematological parameters like Hemoglobin, Red and White blood cells, packed cell volume (PCV). Immune response against Sheep red blood cells (first and second immune response) and immune titer against NDV. Litter ammonia, litter Ph. and total microbial count (TMC) in litter were also measured as litter traits.
- Data were analyzed using the statistical analysis procedures by using suitable computer programs (SAS program).
Results could be summarized as follows:
1- Live body weight (LBW) was significantly increased by strain type where Sliver Montazah layer recorded best values, UV exposure time where exposed to 2-3 hours/day to UV lamps recorded best values and interaction among them where the best values were in 2-3 hour/day UV light with Silver Montazah layer and 3 hour/day UV light with Matrouh layer.
2- Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was non-significant affected by strain type or UV exposure time while interaction among them was significantly increased where in control treatment, 1 and 4 hour/day UV light with Silver Montazah layer and 2 and 4 hour/day UV light with Matrouh layer recorded the best values.
3- Egg number was non-significant affected by strain type or UV exposure time while interaction among them was significantly increased where in 2 hour/day UV light with Silver Montazah layer and 1 and 3 hours/day UV light with Matrouh layer recorded the best values.
4- Egg weight was significantly increased by strain type where Matrouh layer recoded best value, UV exposure time where control treatment and exposed to 4 hour/day UV lamps recorded best values and interaction among them where the best values were in control and 4 hour/day UV light with Silver Montazah layer and in control, 3 and 4 hour/day UV light with Matrouh layer.
5- Egg mass was non-significant affected by strain type or UV exposure time while interaction among them was significantly increased where in 2 hour/day UV light with Silver Montazah layer and 1, 3 and 4 hour/day UV light with Matrouh layer recorded the best values.
6- Egg quality (interior and exterior traits) was significantly influenced by strain type, UV exposure time and interaction among them both in 36 or 40 weeks of age.
a- At 36 weeks of age, shell weight, Pores number, eggshell surface area, egg weight, egg length and egg volume were significantly affected by strain type where Matrouh layer recorded the best values but in egg shape index Silver Montazah layer recorded the best value. While in 40 weeks of age pores number, egg weight and egg shape index were significantly affected by strain type where Matrouh layer recorded best values.
b- At 36 weeks of age, shell weight, shell thickness, pores number, shell index and egg weight were significantly affected by exposed to UV lamps where best values in shell weight with exposed to 2 and 4 hour/day UV light while best values in shell thickness with exposed to 2, 3 and 4 hour/day UV light while best value in pores number, shell index and egg weight with exposed to 2 hour/day UV light. While in 40 weeks of age eggshell surface area, egg length and egg volume were significantly affected by exposed to UV light and the best values were with exposed to 2, 3 and 4 hour/day UV light also shell index significantly affected by UV light and best values in control and with exposed to 3 and 4 hour/day UV light.
c- In 36 weeks of age the interaction among strain type and UV light significantly affected on shell weight, shell thickness, pores number, eggshell surface area, shell index, egg weight, egg length and egg volume. In 40 weeks of age the interaction between strain type and UV light significantly affected on shell thickness, pores number, eggshell surface area, shell index, egg weight, egg length, egg width, egg shape index and egg volume.
d- In 36 weeks of age strain type significantly affected on yolk diameter, yolk ratio, yolk height and albumin height. While in 40 weeks of age strain type significantly affected on yolk height, yolk weight and Haugh unit.
e- In 36 weeks of age exposed to UV light significantly affected on yolk color, yolk weight and Hough unit. While in 40 weeks of age exposed to UV light significantly affected on yolk diameter, yolk color, yolk height and Hough unit.
f- In 36 weeks of age the interaction among strain type and UV light significantly affected on yolk color, yolk ratio, yolk height, albumen height, yolk weight and Hough unit. While in 40 weeks of age the interaction among strain type and UV light significantly affected on yolk diameter, yolk color, yolk ratio, yolk height, albumen height, yolk weight and Hough unit.
7- Only white blood cells in hematological parameters significantly affected by strain type, while exposed to UV light and the interaction among strain type and UV light significantly affected on hemoglobin, red blood cells, packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cells, heterophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, Eosinophils and basophils.
8- calcium in blood Serum, Plasma Creatine and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) significantly affected by strain type, while exposed to UV light significantly affected on plasma total protein, plasma globulin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), uric acid, Creatine, AST and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), while the interaction among strain type and UV light significantly affected on calcium, phosphorous, total protein, globulin, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), uric acid, Creatine, AST and ALT.
9- There were no significantly affected on immune response to first and second sheep red blood cells by strain type, while exposed to UV light and interaction among strain type and UV light significantly affected on immune response to first and second sheep red blood cells.
10- There was no significant effect on immune response in antibody titer against NDV by strain type, UV light and interaction among strains and UV light.
11- There were no significantly affected on litter ammonia and ph by strain type, while exposed to UV light and interaction among strain type and UV light significantly affected on litter ammonia and ph.
12- There were no significant affected on total microbial count (TMC) in litter by strain type, while observed significantly affected by exposed to UV light and interaction among strain type and UV light.
Conclusion:
- from the previous consequences, it could be concluded that interaction between strains and artificial source of UV light by UV lamps after sunset improved productive and physiological performance, immune responses and total microbial count in litter.
- Our results recommend that supplemented lighting programs in poultry breeding farmhouses with UV light type A enhance their productivity and the efficient exposed use of UVA with wavelength up to (368nm) for (2-3 hours/day) for silver Montazah and Matrouh developed local strain respectively.