الفهرس 
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Abstract
This work investigates the treatment of industrial wastewater namely: “Cooling tower
blowdown water” using an eco-friendly technique (e.g. Electrocoagulation (EC)). The
electrocoagulation system is characterized by the fact that the water to be treated passes
through an electrochemical cell with aluminum, iron, magnesium, and zinc plates. When an
electrical current is applied to an amperage that allows an optimum current density to produce
the aluminum required to form metal hydroxides. Real samples have been collected from the
urea fertilizer plant (Helwan Fertilizer Company) in Egypt. Initially, a batch mode was used
to optimize the design parameters: type of the electrode, inter-electrode distance, current
density, and electrolysis time. The optimal parameters were found to be at a current density
of 14.29 mA/cm2
; inter-electrode distance of 1.0 cm and electrolysis time 120 min with an
aluminum electrode. The performance of the continuous up-flow reactor with these
parameters was satisfactory, the maximum removal efficiency of hardness ions reached to
80.42 % and silica to 99.74% at a flow rate of 41.67 mL/min with an operating cost of 0.49
US$/m3
treated water using aluminum electrodes. SEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR, and SVI, which
investigates the surface morphology, structure crystalline type, functional groups and settling
ability of EC sludge. EDX exposed the existence of hardness ions and silica in the EC sludge
which confirmed the removal of these scale species from cooling tower blowdown water. The
conclusion can be drawn that electrocoagulation may successfully be applied with Alelectrode to treat cooling tower blowdown water for its reuse.
Keywords
Cooling tower blowdown water; Electrocoagulation; Al, Fe, Mg, Zn electrodes;
Hardness removal; Silica removal; Sludge characterization; Batch mode;
Continuous mode; Operating Cost.