الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is the most common type of retinal detachment. The annual incidence of RRD is known to be about 10.5 people per 100,000 population . The goal of RRD repair is to close the retinal break, eliminate the vitreous traction and thus enable re-attachment of detached retina. Surgery is the only effective treatment. The most widely used surgical techniques are pars plana vitrectomy, scleral buckle surgery or vitrectomy combined with SB, but pneumatic retinopexy can also be used in selected cases, with PPV recently becoming the most used method. Vitrectomy is the removal of the vitreous humor which causes the RD, followed by displacement of the sub-retinal fluid and retinal scarring by using laser coagulation or cryo-coagulation. Then, the vitreous is substituted by a tamponade which holds the neurosensory retina (NSR) against the RPE until Introduction 2 a firm scar has been created around the retinal hole. The tamponade may be a mixture of air and gas or SiO. Silicone oil is a common intraocular tamponade after vitreoretinal surgery for complicated or recurrent cases of RRD, it prevents the passage of fluid through the retinal breaks and offers structural support until the retina is steadily reattached. Emulsification of silicone oil, elevated intraocular pressure, cataract, and retinal toxicity represent its main side effects. Although SiO use resulted in promising anatomical and functional results, visual loss without any apparent explanation has been reported in several case series. The etiology of this complication has been attributed to several factors in different studies, such as lesions of ganglion cells and horizontal-bipolar cell synaptic process in the outer plexiform layer causing generalized macular dysfunction, progressive thinning of inner retinal layers in the macular region and direct infiltration of optic nerve by SiO leading to optic nerve dysfunction. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging has been an object of great innovation and improvements in the recent years, despite the diagnosis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) being clinical or by ultrasonography (in opaque media). In our study, assessment of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer and central foveal thickness was done using swept source OCT, with sever thinning in temporal retinal nerve fiber layer indicating sever macular affection, and correlated with decline in visual acuity.