الفهرس 
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Abstract
Historically, fishing in the Mediterranean Sea has always been an important economic activity that has provided livelihood opportunities for hundreds of thousands of people and has shaped the cultural fabric of the region’s coastal towns and communities. Today, the sea still plays a central role, proving to be increasingly pivotal for the region’s sustainable development. The marine resources and ecosystems of which region, however, have come under increasing pressure in recent decades, driven by demographic and economic growth as well as by diversification and intensification of marine and maritime activities (FAO, 2016).
Along the Mediterranean Sea coasts, numerous human activities that constitute serious causes for the degradation of marine ecosystems. These problems generally summarize as.