الفهرس 
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Abstract
Foot and mouth disease is one of the most important viral diseases affecting cattle, buffaloes and cloven-hoofed animals. It causes severe economic losses due to high morbidity, loss in meat and milk yields and their secondary complications.So the disease becomes in the spotlight of the international and local levels in many countries to control and prevent its spread depending on early diagnosis of the disease, vaccination and strict quarantine measures in addition to good animal care.
The causative agent of FMD is a Picornavirus of the genus Aphthovirus belonging to family Picornaviridae. The FMDV transmitted via inhalation, ingestion, and direct contact with infected animals.This work aimed to: Evaluate the status of animals under study by detection of NSP Comparative evaluation of two local prepared vaccine for FMDv Trivalent FMD vaccine (VSRI) and Tri-Aphthovac (MEVAC) in cattle and buffalo. Post vaccination monitoring for antibodies formation against two vaccines in Dams and their calves. Follow up evaluation of maternal immunity in claves born from vaccinated cattle and buffalo.from our results we can concluded that: Forty nine out of 130 serum samples from cattle received A and B local vaccine were positive for NSP. Forty-four out of 130 serum samples from buffaloes received A and B local vaccine were positive for NSP. Eight out of 26 serum samples from cattle’s offspring from dams vaccinated by local inactivated vaccine B were positive for NSP. Ten out of 26 serum samples from buffalo’s offspring from dams vaccinated by inactivated local vaccine A were positive for NSP.The percentage of immunoglobulins against the strain (A, O, and SAT2) in cattle and buffaloes was followed up, the maternal immunity was monitored in the suckling calves until the end of maternal immunity, Vaccination giving them a booster dose after 21 days, and following up the results monthly for four months (zero days to 4 months) by Solid- phase competitive ELISA.The results showed that:NSP antibodies in sera of cattle and buffaloes before and vaccination by both local vaccine.The higher antibody level observed in buffaloes serum than cattle serum.The higher antibodies levels observed in animals vaccinated with Vaccine A and the lowest level observed in vaccine B.The higher antibodies levels in cattle observed with vaccine B than vaccine A.NSP antibodies in sera of calves borned from vaccinated cattle and buffaloes The higher antibody level was observed in cattle calves serum than buffalo calves serum.The higher antibodies levels observed in animals vaccinated with Vaccine B vaccine and the lowest level observed in vaccine A.The higher antibodies levels in cattle calves observed with vaccine B than vaccine A.Evaluation of the antibodies protection in serum of buffalo vaccinated by both vaccines The higher antibodies protection observed in animals vaccinated with vaccine A than the animal vaccinated with Vaccine B.The higher antibodies protection at 1st month higher than that of the 2nd and 3rd month of vaccination and all of them higher than that of the antibodies levels before vaccination in buffalo.The higher antibodies level observed in O vaccine, followed by A vaccine and both of them higher than that of SAT2 in buffalo.Evaluation of the antibodies protection in serum of cattle vaccinated by both vaccines:-
The higher antibodies protection observed in animals vaccinated with vaccine B than the animal vaccinated with Vaccine A.The higher antibodies protection at 1st month higher than that of the 2nd and 3rd month of vaccination and all of them higher than that of the antibodies levels before vaccination.The higher antibodies level observed in O vaccine, followed by SAT2 vaccine and both of them higher than that of A.Follow-up the maternal antibodies against FMDV in cattle and buffalo calves The higher antibody level observed in buffaloes serum than cattle serum.The higher antibodies levels observed in animals vaccinated with vaccine O than the animal vaccinated with Vaccine A vaccine and the lowest level observed in SAT2
The higher antibodies levels observed at 1st month higher than that of
the 2nd and 3rd month of vaccination.
Evaluation of the antibodies protection in serum of cattle calves and buffaloes calves vaccinated by both vaccines.
The higher antibody level observed in buffaloes calves serum than cattle serum.
The higher antibodies levels observed in animals vaccinated with vaccine O than the animal vaccinated with Vaccine A vaccine and the lowest level observed in SAT2
The higher antibodies levels observed at 1st month higher than that of
the 2nd and 3rd month of vaccination.
• The maternal immunity of cattle and buffalo’s offspring that were born from dams vaccinated with local vaccine was followed up, and we found that it began to decrease starting from the 3rd month and starting in fading away in the 4th month. Therefore, to control FMD we should vaccinate cattle and buffaloes every four months with local vaccinations and we should vaccinate newborn calves starting from the 3rd month and give them a booster dose 21 days after the first vaccination dose.