الفهرس 
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Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress using malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Glutathion peroxidase (GPx) biomarkers in some diseases conditions in small ruminants. The study was conducted on a total of one hundred and fifty sheep and goats which divided into two main groups: - Group1: including fifteen healthy sheep and ten healthy goats, while group 2: including seventy-three hospitalized sheep and fifty-two hospitalized goats which all further subdivided into six subgroups. Pneumonic (Subgroup A): twenty sheep and twenty-two goats. Impacted (Subgroup B): include nineteen sheep and seven goats. Dirreheic (Subgroup C): eight sheep and eighteen goats. Ring worm (Subgroup D): seven sheep and five goats. Mange (Subgroup E): eleven sheep. Zinc deficiency (Subgroup F): eight sheep. Diagnosis of these diseases was based on the clinical examination of animals and laboratory diagnosis. Blood and tissue samples were collected from the hospitalized and healthy animals, it was clear that there was increase in MDA level and decrease in TAC level in pneumonic (Subgroup A) (4.84± 0.54), ring worm (Subgroup D) (5.59± 0.66, 0.36 ± .11), mange (Subgroup E) (4.25± .46, 0.25± .06 ), zinc deficiency (Subgroup F) (5.12 ± 0.43, .40 ± 0.12) than healthy sheep (2.29 ± 0.24, .64± .04) in consecutive manner. While in goats, there was significant increase in the level of MDA in pneumonic (Subgroup A) (4.16± 0.58) and dirreheic (Subgroup C) (5.16± 0.60) than healthy one (1.89± 0.17). Moving on, NO was increased dramatically and GPx was decreased in pneumonic lung (45.37±0.62, 42.11±3.92). We can conclude from the radical increase in the level of MDA and NO with shift decrease of TAC and GPx in different subgroups of hospitalized sheep and goat that there is marked oxidative stress in hospitalized animals.
Key words: Sheep, MDA, TAC, NO, GPx, Pneumonia.