الفهرس 
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Abstract
Dyspeptic symptoms are commonly experienced by CKD patients especially those who are on hemodialysis. Patients with chronic Kidney disease usually have different GIT symptoms, the functional origin of abdominal complaints is claimed in many patients.
We aimed to study the prevalence of functional dyspepsia in patients with chronic kidney diseases including hemodialysis patients, and which subtype of functional dyspepsia was predominant in them.
This cross-sectional study was conducted at Minia University Hospital, over a period of six months from December 2019 to May 2020. One hundred and fifty patients with chronic kidney disease were included.
Those with the following conditions were excluded from the study:
1. Presence of disease or clinical situation that could prevent patients from answering the questionnaires.
2. Patients not willing for upper GI endoscopy.
3. Patients with known gastric disease.
4. Patients with alarm feature (red flags):
• Weight loss. .
• Chronic Vomiting.
• Odynophagia.
• Dysphagia.
• History of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.
• History of upper GI malignancy.
5. Patients with other chronic systemic diseases [e.g, heart failure, Gall blader disease,etc]
Each one of these patients was subjected to:
1- Thorough history taking and clinical examination.
2- Determination of chemical parameters:
• Complete blood count (CBC)
• Blood urea and serum creatinine level
• GFR calculated by CKD-epi formula
3- Ultrasonography:
To assess the kidney size, cortico-medullary differentiation and cortical thickness.
4- FD questionnaire :
Each one of the patients and healthy volunteers will be requested to fill out a self-report questionnaire by marking appropriate response boxes with ticks under doctors supervision.
The validated Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire for FD was designed by the Rome committee.
The FD module was downloaded from the Rome Foundation website (http://www.romecriteria.org/questionnaires/)
Final diagnosis of Functional dyspepsia was given by the investigators with proper statistical analysis.
The results of our study showed that:
1. Functional Dyspepsia is not common in chronic Kidney Disease patients.
2. HCV infection is a risk factor for Functional Dyspepsia in CKD patients.
3. Functional Dyspepsia is more prevalent in males CKD patients than females.
4. Functional dyspepsia is uncommon in hemodialysis. The search of an organic cause is imperative for every dyspepsia.
5. EPS is the predominant subtype of functional dyspepsia in CKD patients.
6. Ulcerations are the common endoscopic finding in dyspeptic CKD patients.
7. Patients with a high eGFR are at higher chances of developing Functional dyspepsia.